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环境化学 , 2017, 36(4): 730-737.
10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2017.04.2016071808
基于三甘醇附着对黑碳气溶胶形态结构变化的模拟

范晓龙 1, , 陈敏东 2, , Alexei F KHALIZOV 3, , 陈超 4, , 马迎慧 5, , 王毅一 6,

1.江苏省大气环境监测与污染控制高技术重点实验室,江苏省大气环境与装备技术协同创新中心,江苏省环境净化材料工程技术研究中心,南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院,南京,210044;美国新泽西理工学院,纽瓦克,07102;
2.江苏省大气环境监测与污染控制高技术重点实验室,江苏省大气环境与装备技术协同创新中心,江苏省环境净化材料工程技术研究中心,南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院,南京,210044;
3.美国新泽西理工学院,纽瓦克,07102;
4.江苏省大气环境监测与污染控制高技术重点实验室,江苏省大气环境与装备技术协同创新中心,江苏省环境净化材料工程技术研究中心,南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院,南京,210044;美国新泽西理工学院,纽瓦克,07102;
5.江苏省大气环境监测与污染控制高技术重点实验室,江苏省大气环境与装备技术协同创新中心,江苏省环境净化材料工程技术研究中心,南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院,南京,210044;
6.江苏省大气环境监测与污染控制高技术重点实验室,江苏省大气环境与装备技术协同创新中心,江苏省环境净化材料工程技术研究中心,南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院,南京,210044
为研究黑碳气溶胶粒子在附着三甘醇后形态结构的变化,本文通过采用甲烷和洁净空气燃烧制取黑碳气溶胶,并运用自主搭建的串联式差分电迁移率分析系统对黑碳气溶胶进行粒径筛选、热消解和三甘醇附着,同时结合扫描电镜仪和气溶胶质量分析仪观察分析黑碳气溶胶附着三甘醇后形态结构和质量的变化.通过筛选得到粒径为100 nm、200 nm和300 nm米的黑碳气溶胶粒子进行三甘醇附着模拟实验.由于黑碳气溶胶颗粒的特殊链状小球结构,使用热溶蚀器去除非元素碳物质后的黑碳气溶胶附着上三甘醇,发现粒径越大的黑碳气溶胶粒子越容易发生形态结构的变化,并且少量的三甘醇附着就能够显著促进这一形变过程的发生.因而,大气中存在的三甘醇能够在一定程度上促进黑碳气溶胶物理特性的改变,进而改变黑碳气溶胶对大气环境的影响.
关键词： 黑碳气溶胶   元素碳   高焓条件下的烧蚀数据,评估其在高焓条件下的烧蚀性能,以满足未来高超声速飞行器再入的高焓高热流低压力的热环境,采用高焓加热器对多种不同密度的轻质防热材料进行烧蚀考核试验.通过对试验数据和模型内部烧蚀形态的描述,给出轻质防热材料在高焓低压热环境中的烧蚀特性.最后对比中焓条件下试验数据,详细分析焓值对轻质防热材料烧蚀性能的影响.结果显示,高焓加热器可以产生稳定均匀的高焓低压流场,轻质防热材料在高焓条件下的隔热性能和烧蚀性能有所提高.","authors":[{"authorName":"高贺","id":"7eb5957d-113f-49b5-8fdc-632ede5e048a","originalAuthorName":"高贺"},{"authorName":"陈连忠","id":"4424c049-ace6-45ad-8438-f4af914f8e42","originalAuthorName":"陈连忠"},{"authorName":"欧东斌","id":"fbb587a9-6582-4a6e-a535-f74e4b213afe","originalAuthorName":"欧东斌"},{"authorName":"袁国伍","id":"53874b89-a4d4-4417-b30b-d3c14b4b51d8","originalAuthorName":"袁国伍"},{"authorName":"梁馨","id":"a3950ae7-3099-4950-825c-e2508683e41a","originalAuthorName":"梁馨"}],"doi":"10.3969/j.issn.1007-2330.2014.02.010","fpage":"49","id":"c11fd66a-9afe-4912-8b30-112492a0e055","issue":"2","journal":{"abbrevTitle":"YHCLGY","coverImgSrc":"journal/img/cover/YHCLGY.jpg","id":"77","issnPpub":"1007-2330","publisherId":"YHCLGY","title":"宇航材料工艺 "},"keywords":[{"id":"870cb354-83ad-4459-b52a-b92bae48d11e","keyword":"轻质防热材料","originalKeyword":"轻质防热材料"},{"id":"eec66cf9-bcca-4bdb-986f-23374ec44037","keyword":"高焓热环境","originalKeyword":"高焓热环境"},{"id":"f58de06a-45b8-4b2b-aa2c-9c0ed5b75950","keyword":"高焓加热器","originalKeyword":"高焓加热器"},{"id":"b73a9c08-5954-4172-b693-29bc6fbd85d4","keyword":"驻点试验","originalKeyword":"驻点试验"}],"language":"zh","publisherId":"yhclgy201402010","title":"轻质防热材料高焓烧蚀试验","volume":"44","year":"2014"},{"abstractinfo":"对储存重质石油产品的油罐加热器的腐蚀失效进行分析,根据腐蚀部位和穿孔原因提出预防措施.","authors":[{"authorName":"汪凌云","id":"fd5ead26-c636-4d06-9673-fe0171ddd3eb","originalAuthorName":"汪凌云"}],"doi":"","fpage":"216","id":"1db144d2-8e4e-4435-9cd0-76112e04a50a","issue":"5","journal":{"abbrevTitle":"FSYFH","coverImgSrc":"journal/img/cover/FSYFH.jpg","id":"25","issnPpub":"1005-748X","publisherId":"FSYFH","title":"腐蚀与防护"},"keywords":[{"id":"f4fb8e76-e911-40b0-9b40-5c5990ab2909","keyword":"重质油品","originalKeyword":"重质油品"},{"id":"94d9e21a-2ca1-488b-a4f3-95c002660464","keyword":"油罐","originalKeyword":"油罐"},{"id":"85540fb7-704c-43ac-ae68-bc6de3d152ee","keyword":"加热器","originalKeyword":"加热器"},{"id":"d8d4e24c-e6c5-409f-8e58-a086cca633cf","keyword":"腐蚀","originalKeyword":"腐蚀"}],"language":"zh","publisherId":"fsyfh200105011","title":"重质油罐加热器的腐蚀及预防","volume":"22","year":"2001"},{"abstractinfo":"涂装车间的设备耗能直接影响到生产线的前处理,如除油和磷化,前处理后的水分烘干,工件涂装后的漆膜干燥和粉末固化.因此,加热能源的选择已成为涂装生产线的首要解决的问题.","authors":[{"authorName":"郑德林","id":"cb6fa326-d2e2-4ef9-b17b-03c9fa307412","originalAuthorName":"郑德林"}],"doi":"10.3969/j.issn.1001-1560.1999.10.022","fpage":"39","id":"d3a28a9b-11e7-482f-9d47-aed3e1ec21c1","issue":"10","journal":{"abbrevTitle":"CLBH","coverImgSrc":"journal/img/cover/CLBH.jpg","id":"7","issnPpub":"1001-1560","publisherId":"CLBH","title":"材料保护"},"keywords":[{"id":"ea9bc07f-b98b-4ccb-8b28-1ae1792e7e59","keyword":"涂装设备","originalKeyword":"涂装设备"},{"id":"74cc0adc-e1b6-4c25-b259-0a37d1324987","keyword":"加热","originalKeyword":"加热"},{"id":"6fd9c41e-ca1e-4885-9486-d590587a7dc9","keyword":"能源","originalKeyword":"能源"}],"language":"zh","publisherId":"clbh199910022","title":"燃油加热器的应用","volume":"32","year":"1999"},{"abstractinfo":"简要介绍了在小型零部件的涂装线中燃油(燃气)加热器的应用,对加热器的结构进行了剖析,并探讨了计算加热器参数的方法.","authors":[{"authorName":"陈茂江","id":"74281a76-bf7b-4c67-a3cc-b089d0941ee2","originalAuthorName":"陈茂江"}],"doi":"10.3969/j.issn.0253-4312.2005.02.014","fpage":"43","id":"f916840a-864c-48cd-a220-6049b0de0e48","issue":"2","journal":{"abbrevTitle":"TLGY","coverImgSrc":"journal/img/cover/TLGY.jpg","id":"61","issnPpub":"0253-4312","publisherId":"TLGY","title":"涂料工业 "},"keywords":[{"id":"3f0051ef-ec42-4b2c-9292-1c22ac04c428","keyword":"加热器","originalKeyword":"加热器"},{"id":"95ad010d-66a6-4e7b-9f12-05ce7452c9b5","keyword":"应用","originalKeyword":"应用"},{"id":"8ca28087-8855-4e68-bbb3-54f0d4505491","keyword":"结构","originalKeyword":"结构"},{"id":"437f5ce8-c69d-4b8e-9c73-249f30086c0d","keyword":"参数","originalKeyword":"参数"}],"language":"zh","publisherId":"tlgy200502014","title":"涂装线中燃油(燃气)加热器的设计及应用","volume":"35","year":"2005"},{"abstractinfo":"介绍了移动加热器法晶体生长的基本原理及其优缺点,报道了国内外最新研究进展,讨论了不同工艺参数,如磁场、加速坩埚旋转、重力、生长速度、温度等对THM生长晶体的影响,提出了提高THM生长晶体速度的设想,并就未来THM生长晶体的研究方法和发展趋势提出了自己的看法.","authors":[{"authorName":"李其松","id":"b1c290b3-cdcd-4964-92cf-6085e97d49f0","originalAuthorName":"李其松"},{"authorName":"刘俊成","id":"e54be5ae-529c-4bfa-93a3-5ab29e8dc589","originalAuthorName":"刘俊成"}],"doi":"","fpage":"11","id":"76d4f040-a847-41ed-a5da-40e9e8de787b","issue":"11","journal":{"abbrevTitle":"CLDB","coverImgSrc":"journal/img/cover/CLDB.jpg","id":"8","issnPpub":"1005-023X","publisherId":"CLDB","title":"材料导报"},"keywords":[{"id":"c0f72ca3-33d2-4893-8ad5-7f1ff197aa3d","keyword":"晶体生长","originalKeyword":"晶体生长"},{"id":"24b3f14f-abd2-4a3c-aab5-0b0a5807beff","keyword":"移动加热器法","originalKeyword":"移动加热器法"},{"id":"360497bb-729a-4f3e-bd9c-48601a4b751f","keyword":"磁场","originalKeyword":"磁场"},{"id":"a496e340-72bf-4116-9168-db6e8a5ba8d3","keyword":"加速坩埚旋转","originalKeyword":"加速坩埚旋转"},{"id":"bf264615-1caa-4f54-a7d3-9c48a5bce530","keyword":"重力","originalKeyword":"重力"}],"language":"zh","publisherId":"cldb201111003","title":"移动加热器法晶体生长的研究","volume":"25","year":"2011"},{"abstractinfo":"集总参数模型建模简单,计算量小,但其精度低,不能较好地反映回热加热器的动态特性.因此,本文采用分布参数模型、嵌套模型、链式模型、分段集总模型等方法对回热加热器各工况进行仿真研究,主要包括入口焓扰动、入口流量扰动和入口热流量扰动.结果表明:链式模型精度最高;而通过优化分段数的分段集总模型能够改进集总参数法的不足;选择合适的代表点可改进集总参数模型的精度.","authors":[{"authorName":"陈二燕","id":"afd2e6f9-34c4-4132-94eb-055922ba948b","originalAuthorName":"陈二燕"},{"authorName":"邢秦安","id":"b11b0d55-b8f7-4e81-82b0-0ae870d3a607","originalAuthorName":"邢秦安"},{"authorName":"刘继平","id":"1a14952c-fff0-4434-a3a9-99d2d79a73df","originalAuthorName":"刘继平"}],"doi":"","fpage":"1335","id":"f8f34cea-3dac-4f76-8113-38633a896a76","issue":"7","journal":{"abbrevTitle":"GCRWLXB","coverImgSrc":"journal/img/cover/GCRWLXB.jpg","id":"32","issnPpub":"0253-231X","publisherId":"GCRWLXB","title":"工程热物理学报 "},"keywords":[{"id":"cdcb54e6-d4b4-4d8f-9123-ce542dde0bc6","keyword":"仿真","originalKeyword":"仿真"},{"id":"7fce101f-5775-49f5-b91a-b21077e1f3f8","keyword":"回热加热器","originalKeyword":"回热加热器"},{"id":"27ac003a-5c9b-42d9-a0b6-8deb5206a1c7","keyword":"集总模型","originalKeyword":"集总模型"},{"id":"d81ca4f5-1318-4ea6-bd34-35958d7df18b","keyword":"动态精度","originalKeyword":"动态精度"}],"language":"zh","publisherId":"gcrwlxb201307033","title":"回热加热器动态模型计算精度的对比研究","volume":"34","year":"2013"},{"abstractinfo":"电弧加热器流场特性是影响材料热化学烧蚀的关键因素之一,根据可压缩的轴对称N-S方程,对喷嘴的超声速自由射流、垂直冲击射流进行了数值模拟,采用k-ε湍流模型.计算得到自由射流流场结构的三个区域:射流核心区、射流卷吸区和射流湍流区,射流的速度分布具有不均匀性,其轴线射流速度存在较大变动;冲击射流近壁处存在着滞止区.所获得的喷嘴外部流场的流动状况以及冲击射流参数分布,如压力、温度和速度分布,可用于烧蚀试验和计算优化设计,流场计算结果与烧蚀实验值吻合.","authors":[{"authorName":"王臣","id":"06097b3a-48d4-4836-86c3-d132463eb029","originalAuthorName":"王臣"},{"authorName":"梁军","id":"a74a4440-b54b-400f-b38e-a88d930129c7","originalAuthorName":"梁军"},{"authorName":"杜善义","id":"0abbdd87-e81f-4ca5-addb-609eecbfe143","originalAuthorName":"杜善义"}],"doi":"10.3969/j.issn.1005-0299.2007.04.036","fpage":"579","id":"c069ae99-6dc8-47fc-a4d4-b70cb47a3232","issue":"4","journal":{"abbrevTitle":"CLKXYGY","coverImgSrc":"journal/img/cover/CLKXYGY.jpg","id":"14","issnPpub":"1005-0299","publisherId":"CLKXYGY","title":"材料科学与工艺"},"keywords":[{"id":"f25e99bc-f88d-4d1c-a7dd-8f7243d2b8d3","keyword":"电弧加热器","originalKeyword":"电弧加热器"},{"id":"9c804f42-6731-4078-a272-3dc35e307034","keyword":"流场特性","originalKeyword":"流场特性"},{"id":"55149048-cf83-4700-b199-370dda778edb","keyword":"自由射流","originalKeyword":"自由射流"},{"id":"46eeb074-226b-419e-9041-9ddc9ed2f8b3","keyword":"冲击射流","originalKeyword":"冲击射流"},{"id":"324b5829-23e9-43d3-a7b7-d1080a6ed857","keyword":"烧蚀","originalKeyword":"烧蚀"}],"language":"zh","publisherId":"clkxygy200704036","title":"电弧加热器流场数值模拟研究","volume":"15","year":"2007"},{"abstractinfo":"使用正温度系数热敏电阻(PTC)作为加热元件的一种柴油发动机用新型PTC加热器,与柴油发动机滤清器配合安装,在温度较低的环境下用于加热柴油.此产品能将加热元件产生的热量迅速、均匀地传导到所经过的柴油中,其结构紧凑,热效率高,使用安全,安装和拆卸都比较方便.","authors":[{"authorName":"王卫艳","id":"76e58462-6f3e-4a57-9958-abf95d830cf4","originalAuthorName":"王卫艳"},{"authorName":"姜海波","id":"ebcccc79-bd23-4963-a616-6d69ef8e01e6","originalAuthorName":"姜海波"},{"authorName":"周水杉","id":"8e8e4600-260e-428f-82e2-6fb236167358","originalAuthorName":"周水杉"}],"doi":"","fpage":"105","id":"277546d9-78a7-4d7a-8633-4d88301b6702","issue":"z2","journal":{"abbrevTitle":"CLDB","coverImgSrc":"journal/img/cover/CLDB.jpg","id":"8","issnPpub":"1005-023X","publisherId":"CLDB","title":"材料导报"},"keywords":[{"id":"371f083d-6416-4798-8dee-8120031a28bc","keyword":"柴油发动机","originalKeyword":"柴油发动机"},{"id":"583895df-1257-4763-81f9-b292fbde8d66","keyword":"滤清器","originalKeyword":"滤清器"},{"id":"8c9ea37e-af35-4790-b23f-58965e677682","keyword":"正温度系数热敏电阻","originalKeyword":"正温度系数热敏电阻"},{"id":"cec8b316-44cc-4307-bbbf-8c573b92a008","keyword":"加热器","originalKeyword":"加热器"}],"language":"zh","publisherId":"cldb2007z2038","title":"高性能PTC在柴油发动机加热器中的应用","volume":"21","year":"2007"},{"abstractinfo":"介绍了核电用高压加热器性能劣化和失效的主要原因,包括冲蚀、局部腐蚀、振动、积污和水位控制不当;分析了目前国内核电厂高压加热器的监管现状和不足;讨论了优化电厂高压加热器和换热器管理方法,如优化分级管理;提出了建立换热器管理大纲的思路和方法.","authors":[{"authorName":"张晖","id":"aa623646-e1e7-4463-af21-c95d130728cf","originalAuthorName":"张晖"},{"authorName":"史庆峰","id":"14042e65-a9b0-4bbd-a9ff-7efd28a29eec","originalAuthorName":"史庆峰"},{"authorName":"王海卫","id":"b834d645-f37e-4e88-9fad-ec521ef20202","originalAuthorName":"王海卫"},{"authorName":"张忠伟","id":"97060f37-dd82-4166-9156-ebf84579562a","originalAuthorName":"张忠伟"}],"doi":"","fpage":"529","id":"99d0ecd2-6778-4e81-bdd2-c6695cfba2b2","issue":"6","journal":{"abbrevTitle":"FSYFH","coverImgSrc":"journal/img/cover/FSYFH.jpg","id":"25","issnPpub":"1005-748X","publisherId":"FSYFH","title":"腐蚀与防护"},"keywords":[{"id":"b218a0aa-711e-424a-8cf2-5a67d0276c4b","keyword":"高压加热器","originalKeyword":"高压加热器"},{"id":"5dda01f4-d4c8-471d-8f87-58442908d9cd","keyword":"换热器","originalKeyword":"换热器"},{"id":"257472cc-f736-4980-919f-f8991e34c6b4","keyword":"核电厂","originalKeyword":"核电厂"},{"id":"72ef289f-7800-4e92-a29e-299a3c97b9b5","keyword":"管理大纲","originalKeyword":"管理大纲"}],"language":"zh","publisherId":"fsyfh201306019","title":"高压加热器性能劣化和换热器监管优化","volume":"34","year":"2013"},{"abstractinfo":"回热加热器是火电厂热力系统的重要设备,其运行性能直接影响机组的经济性.本文对纯凝结段回热加热器的动态特性进行了理论模拟与实验研究.将纯凝结段回热加热器按结构划分为蒸汽控制容积、给水控制容积、换热管金属控制容积、外壳金属控制容积等四个控制容积,并分别建立连续方程和能量方程,从而得到回热加热器的动态模型.本文对蒸汽压力瞬态减小工况开展了数值模拟研究,并进行了实验验证,结果吻合较好.","authors":[{"authorName":"宁涛","id":"ea7ffe37-b529-4c37-bdaf-787be626cde6","originalAuthorName":"宁涛"},{"authorName":"张瑞山","id":"9ac1c6d1-2d4e-4ba0-b375-367c81066cbd","originalAuthorName":"张瑞山"},{"authorName":"李根","id":"de65d07e-fb7f-4b02-84b3-0912be08cea3","originalAuthorName":"李根"},{"authorName":"王进仕","id":"212196c3-0f91-4642-a0ba-a7ca3e0139c0","originalAuthorName":"王进仕"},{"authorName":"刘继平","id":"95642613-d20e-44f1-bb0e-7c8fd37086f7","originalAuthorName":"刘继平"},{"authorName":"种道彤","id":"515c5635-979c-4e72-a2ab-817cd9c8d3fd","originalAuthorName":"种道彤"},{"authorName":"严俊杰","id":"8d9ad8f4-1208-44a8-9cf9-94c0a1c59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"},"keywords":[{"id":"eaef507c-6c60-41b3-ba8f-eef215993155","keyword":"加热器","originalKeyword":"加热器"},{"id":"b8c95801-4be8-4598-9bae-4a1a5dc4194a","keyword":"动态特性","originalKeyword":"动态特性"},{"id":"7079b197-b9d3-4a07-8dea-26906d220cc0","keyword":"端差","originalKeyword":"端差"}],"language":"zh","publisherId":"gcrwlxb201304021","title":"纯凝结段回热加热器动态特性研究","volume":"34","year":"2013"}],"totalpage":3565,"totalrecord":35644}