The Al-2.5C master alloy is prepared to investigate the effect of the Al4C3 particle size distribution on the refining efficiency of the AZ31 alloy.The results indicate that the Al4C3 particles are potent nucleation substrates for primary α-Mg grains.With 1.0 wt％ master alloy addition,the grain size is reduced from 204 to 70 μm.The grain refining efficiency of the Al4C3 particles on the AZ31 alloy is calculated to be 0.04％-0.75％.Such low refining efficiency is mainly attributed to the size distribution of the Al4C3 particles.The particle sizes are in the range from 0.18 to 7.08 μm,and their distribution is well fitted by a log-normai function.The optimum particle size range for significant grain refinement is proposed to be around 5.0-7.08 μm in the present conditions.
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