通过金相显微镜观察、电子显微观察和 X 射线衍射分析研究了铪元素的加入对铸造铝合金晶粒细化的影响。研究结果表明，铪元素的加入可以有效地细化合金晶粒，在凝固过程中铪元素可与铝反应形成 Al3Hf 粒子，初生的 Al3Hf 粒子可以作为基体有效的形核质点，与基体共格、纳米级别的 Al3Hf 粒子可以通过钉扎效应抑制晶粒的长大。由溶质原子理论和晶体学研究确定了实验合金的晶粒细化机制，具有两种不同的类型：低铪含量的细化效应主要是由 Hf 原子引发的成分过冷所致，中铪和高铪含量的细化效应为溶质原子与 Al3Hf 粒子共同作用所致。
The effect of Hf on the grain refinement of as-cast aluminum was investigated using optical microscopy, electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The result shows that the grain size of studied alloy decreases effectively with the addition of Hf, Hf can react with Al to form Al3Hf particles during the solidification, the primary Al3Hf particles are highly potent nucleants for Al and the nanoscale coherent Al3Hf particles can inhibit the grain growth by pinning effect. The grain refinement mechanism of studied alloys was verified by the solute theory and the crystallography study, and it can be divided into two distinct types: At low Hf contents, there are no primary Al3Hf phases to form, the acquired grain refinement is primarily attributed to the constitutional undercooling induced by the Hf solute. At medium and high Hf contents, both Hf solute and Al3Hf particles contribute to the refinement.
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