为了给铜－铁合金选择合适的化学成分以及建立材料－显微组织－性能之间的关系，研究了铁含量对激光－感应复合快速熔覆铜－铁基复合涂层显微组织与性能的影响。采用扫描电镜、X 射线衍射仪与能量衍射谱测试了复合涂层的显微组织，采用显微硬度评估复合涂层的力学性能。结果表明：当铜－铁粉末中的铁含量较低时，复合涂层具有富铁等轴枝晶的生长特征，并且镶嵌于富铜基体内；随着铁含量的增加，富铁颗粒弥散分布于富铜基体内；随着铁含量的进一步增加，大量富铜颗粒弥散分布于富铁基体的树枝晶间。因此，随着铜－铁粉末内铁含量的增加，复合涂层的平均显微硬度逐渐增加，且 Cu14.5Fe83Si2C0.5涂层的显微硬度是基材的两倍多。
To select the proper composition and obtain an overall material?microstructure?property relationship for Cu?Fe alloy, the effect of Fe content on microstructure and properties of Cu?Fe-based composite coatings by laser induction hybrid rapid cladding was investigated. Microstructure characterization of the composite coatings was tested utilizing SEM, XRD and EDS. Microhardness measurement was executed to evaluate the mechanical properties of the composite coatings. The results show that for low Fe content, the composite coating presents a feature that Fe-rich equiaxed dendrites are embedded in the Cu-rich matrix. With increasing Fe content, the Fe-rich particles are dispersed in the Cu-rich matrix. With further increasing Fe content, large amounts of Cu-rich particles are homogeneously dispersed in the interdendrite of the Fe-rich matrix. Correspondingly, the average microhardness of the composite coatings increases gradually with the increase of Fe content and the microhardness of Cu14.5Fe83Si2C0.5 coating is much twice higher than that of the substrate.
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