采用计时电流方法和对恒电位电解得到的沉积产物进行 SEM 观察，研究稀溶液中铅在铜电极上的成核和生长过程。根据电沉积条件不同，铅的成核分为连续成核和瞬时成核两种形式。随着溶液中 Pb(II)浓度和电沉积时超电势的增加，成核形式从连续成核转变为瞬时成核。无论是哪种成核形式，在恒电位电解的成核和早期生长阶段，生成的铅颗粒都是蛛网状的。根据蛛网状颗粒的形状和导致它们生成的电沉积条件，这些颗粒属于海绵状颗粒。对连续成核和瞬时成核条件下的铅沉积产物的形貌观察表明，存在两种成核极限。
The processes of nucleation and growth of lead from the dilute electrolytes on copper substrates were investigated by chronoamperometry and by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis of the deposits obtained in the potentiostatic regime of electrolysis. In the dependence of electrodeposition conditions, the nucleation of Pb followed either progressive or instantaneous type. The type of nucleation changed from progressive to instantaneous one with increasing the concentration of Pb(II) ions and the overpotential of electrodeposition. Regardless of the type nucleation, a novel type of Pb particles like cobweb was formed by the potentiostatic electrodeposition in the moment of nucleation and at the early stages of growth. On the basis of the shape of cobweb-like particles and the electrodeposition conditions leading to their formation, these particles were situated in the group of spongy-like ones. Also, comparative morphological analysis of Pb deposits obtained in the conditions of progressive and instantaneous nucleation confirmed the existence of two limiting types of nucleation.
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