以磺化聚苯乙烯球为模板,苯胺为碳源,利用模板法制备了中空炭球结构.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶-红外光谱(FT-IR)和热重分析(TGA)对所制的样品进行了表征.结果表明:所制中空炭球的壁厚为35nm且粒径均匀,中空炭球的形貌和壳层厚度受聚苯乙烯模板磺化度的影响.磺酸化8h的聚苯乙烯球是制备中空炭球的最佳模板,由于聚苯乙烯球表面足够磺酸基团的存在,增大了聚苯乙烯核模板和聚苯胺壳层之间的热分解温度差,使得聚苯乙烯核模板具有较低的分解温度,而聚苯胺壳层则具有较高分解温度,从而利用炭化法制得球壳完整和球形良好的中空炭球结构.
Hollow carbon spheres were synthesized using sulfonated polystyrene(PS)spheres as a core template and aniline monomer as carbon source.The spheres prepared were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,Fourier infrared spectrometry,and thermogravimetry.The results showed that the as-prepared hollow carbon spheres were uniform in diameter with a shell thickness of 35 nm.The morphology,diameter,and wall thickness of the hollow carbon spheres can be tuned by varying the sulfonation rate of the PS core template.Sulfonation modification of PS spheres for 8 h was appropriate to prepare hollow carbon spheres.Owing to the presence of enough sulfonic acid groups on PS surface,the difference in the decomposition temperature between the PANI shells and the PS core was increased,resulting in the formation of the hollow carbon spheres with good sphericity and thick carbon shells by carbonizing sulfonated PS/PANI core-shell polymer spheres.
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