采用改进的Hummers法对不同尺寸的天然石墨进行氧化处理,水合肼还原获得石墨烯.利用红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、X射线衍射(XRD)等对天然石墨、氧化石墨和石墨烯的化学结构、光谱学及结晶性进行表征.结果表明:天然石墨被充分氧化为氧化石墨,氧化石墨被还原为完美的石墨烯;天然石墨尺寸越小,氧化程度越大,氧化石墨的层间距越大;氧化石墨的D峰和G峰的强度比ID/IG与天然石墨尺寸大小成正比;与同尺寸的氧化石墨相比,石墨烯的ID/IG值比氧化石墨的大,说明石墨烯中sp2杂化碳层平面的平均尺寸小于氧化石墨的平均尺寸,新生成的石墨化区域被一些缺陷分割成尺寸更小的sp2杂化区域.
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