综述了碳点的制备、发光原理以及应用的研究进展,重点介绍了碳点制备方法,讨论了自上而下法中电弧放电、激光消融和电化学氧化法以及自下而上法中燃烧法、模板法、水热法及热解法等制备碳点的优缺点、荧光量子产率以及研究趋势;指出未来研究中,需进一步优化碳点合成及修饰方法,深入探究碳点发光机理,提高碳点荧光量子产率;而制备能精确、灵敏、快速且易于检测荧光信号的碳点是其在应用中为各种化学检测及分析提供新技术和新方法的关键.
参考文献
| [1] | Xiaoyou Xu;Robert Ray;Harry J.Pleohn;Latha Gearheart .Electrophoretic Analysis and Purification of Fluorescent Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Fragments[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2004(40):12736-12737. |
| [2] | Zhao, H.X.;Liu, L.Q.;Liu, Z.D.;Wang, Y.;Zhao, X.J.;Huang, C.Z. .Highly selective detection of phosphate in very complicated matrixes with an off-on fluorescent probe of europium-adjusted carbon dots[J].Chemical communications,2011(9):2604-2606. |
| [3] | Sheila N. Baker;Gary A. Baker .Luminescent Carbon Nanodots: Emergent Nanolights[J].Angewandte Chemie,2010(38):6726-6744. |
| [4] | Ya-Ping Sun;Bing Zhou;Yi Lin;Wei Wang;K.A.Shiral Fernando .Quantum-Sized Carbon Dots for Bright and Colorful Photoluminescence[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2006(24):7756-7757. |
| [5] | Cao L;Wang X;Meziani MJ;Lu FS;Wang HF;Luo PJG;Lin Y;Harruff BA;Veca LM;Murray D .Carbon dots for multiphoton bioimaging[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2007(37):11318-11319. |
| [6] | Sheng-Liang Hu;Kai-Yang Niu;Jing Sun .One-step synthesis of fluorescent carbon nanoparticles by laser irradiation[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry: An Interdisciplinary Journal dealing with Synthesis, Structures, Properties and Applications of Materials, Particulary Those Associated with Advanced Technology,2009(4):484-488. |
| [7] | Sheng-Tao Yang;Xin Wang;Haifang Wang .Carbon Dots as Nontoxic and High-Performance Fluorescence Imaging Agents[J].The journal of physical chemistry, C. Nanomaterials and interfaces,2009(42):18110-18114. |
| [8] | Haitao Li;Xiaodie He;Zhenhui Kang .Water-Soluble Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots and Photocatalyst Design[J].Angewandte Chemie,2010(26):4430-4434. |
| [9] | Ming, H.;Ma, Z.;Liu, Y.;Pan, K.;Yu, H.;Wang, F.;Kang, Z. .Large scale electrochemical synthesis of high quality carbon nanodots and their photocatalytic property[J].Dalton transactions: An international journal of inorganic chemistry,2012(31):9526-9531. |
| [10] | Jigang Zhou;Christina Booker;Ruying Li .An Electrochemical Avenue to Blue Luminescent Nanocrystals from Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs)[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2007(4):744-745. |
| [11] | Zhao QL;Zhang ZL;Huang BH;Peng J;Zhang M;Pang DW .Facile preparation of low cytotoxicity fluorescent carbon nanocrystals by electrooxidation of graphite[J].Chemical communications,2008(41):5116-5118. |
| [12] | Zheng, LY;Chi, YW;Dong, YQ;Lin, JP;Wang, BB .Electrochemiluminescence of Water-Soluble Carbon Nanocrystals Released Electrochemically from Graphite[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2009(13):4564-4566. |
| [13] | Lu, J.;Yang, J.-X.;Wang, J.;Lim, A.;Wang, S.;Loh, K.P. .One-pot synthesis of fluorescent carbon nanoribbons, nanoparticles, and graphene by the exfoliation of graphite in ionic liquids[J].ACS nano,2009(8):2367-2375. |
| [14] | Ya-Ping Sun;Xin Wang;Fushen Lu .Doped Carbon Nanoparticles as a New Platform for Highly Photoluminescent Dots[J].The journal of physical chemistry, C. Nanomaterials and interfaces,2008(47):18295-18298. |
| [15] | Li, X.;Wang, H.;Shimizu, Y.;Pyatenko, A.;Kawaguchi, K.;Koshizaki, N. .Preparation of carbon quantum dots with tunable photoluminescence by rapid laser passivation in ordinary organic solvents[J].Chemical communications,2011(3):932-934. |
| [16] | Lei Bao;Zhi-Ling Zhang;Zhi-Quan Tian;Li Zhang;Cui Liu;Yi Lin;Baoping Qi;Dai-Wen Pang .Electrochemical Tuning of Luminescent Carbon Nanodots: From Preparation to Luminescence Mechanism[J].Advanced Materials,2011(48):5801-5806. |
| [17] | Massimo Bottini;Chidambara Balasubramanian;Marcia I.Daw son;Antonio Bergamaschi;Stefano Bellucci .Isolation and Characterization of Fluorescent Nanoparticles from Pristine and Oxidized Electric Arc-Produced Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes[J].The journal of physical chemistry, B. Condensed matter, materials, surfaces, interfaces & biophysical,2006(2):831-836. |
| [18] | VINCI J C;COLON L A .Fractionation of carbon-based nanomaterials by anion exchange HPLC[J].Analytical Chemistry,2011,84(2):1178-1183. |
| [19] | Liu, Y.;Liu, C.-Y.;Zhang, Z.-Y. .Synthesis and surface photochemistry of graphitized carbon quantum dots[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2011(2):416-421. |
| [20] | Yunfei Sha;Jiaying Lou;Shizhe Bai;Da Wu;Baizhan Liu;Yun Ling .Hydrothermal synthesis of nitrogen-containing carbon nanodots as the high-efficient sensor for copper(Ⅱ) ions[J].Materials Research Bulletin: An International Journal Reporting Research on Crystal Growth and Materials Preparation and Characterization,2013(4):1728-1731. |
| [21] | LIU S;TIAN J;WANG L et al.Hydrothermal treatment of grass:a low-cost,green route to nitrogen-doped,carbon-rich,photoluminescent polymer nanodots as an effective fluorescent sensing platform for label-free detection of Cu (Ⅱ) ions[J].Advanced Materials,2012,24(15):2037-2041. |
| [22] | Yun Liu;Chun-yan Liu;Zhi-ying Zhang.Synthesis of highly luminescent graphitized carbon dots and the application in the Hg~(2+) detection[J].Applied Surface Science: A Journal Devoted to the Properties of Interfaces in Relation to the Synthesis and Behaviour of Materials,2012:481-485. |
| [23] | Haipeng Liu;Tao Ye;Chengde Mao .Fluorescent Carbon Nanoparticles Derived from Candle Soot[J].Angewandte Chemie,2007(34):6473-6475. |
| [24] | S. C. Ray;Arindam Saha;Nikhil R. Jana .Fluorescent Carbon Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Bioimaging Application[J].The journal of physical chemistry, C. Nanomaterials and interfaces,2009(43):18546-18551. |
| [25] | Lei Tian;Debraj Ghosh;Wei Chen .Nanosized Carbon Particles From Natural Gas Soot[J].Chemistry of Materials: A Publication of the American Chemistry Society,2009(13):2803-2809. |
| [26] | Ruili Liu;Dongqing Wu;Shuhua Liu .An Aqueous Route to Multicolor Photoluminescent Carbon Dots Using Silica Spheres as Carriers[J].Angewandte Chemie,2009(25):4598-4601. |
| [27] | Athanasios B. Bourlinos;Andreas Stassinopoulos;Demetrios Anglos .Photoluminescent Carbogenic Dots[J].Chemistry of Materials: A Publication of the American Chemistry Society,2008(14):4539-4541. |
| [28] | Zong, J.;Zhu, Y.;Yang, X.;Shen, J.;Li, C. .Synthesis of photoluminescent carbogenic dots using mesoporous silica spheres as nanoreactors[J].Chemical communications,2011(2):764-766. |
| [29] | Zhang, B.;Liu, C.-Y.;Liu, Y. .A novel one-step approach to synthesize fluorescent carbon nanoparticles[J].European journal of inorganic chemistry,2010(28):4411-4414. |
| [30] | Jing Li;Bing Zhang;Fu Wang .Silver/carbon-quantum-dot plasmonic luminescent nanoparticles[J].New Journal of Chemistry,2011(3):554-557. |
| [31] | Fu Wang;Shuping Pang;Long Wang .One-Step Synthesis of Highly Luminescent Carbon Dots in Noncoordinating Solvents[J].Chemistry of Materials: A Publication of the American Chemistry Society,2010(16):4528-4530. |
| [32] | Fu Wang;Zheng Xie;Hao Zhang;Chun-yan Liu;Ying-ge Zhang .Highly Luminescent Organosilane-Functionalized Carbon Dots[J].Advanced functional materials,2011(6):1027-1031. |
| [33] | Yuanyuan Li;Luan Xu;Tong Chen.Carbon nanoparticles from corn stalk soot and its novel application as stationary phase of hydrophilic interaction chromatography and per aqueous liquid chromatography[J].Analytica chimica acta,2012:102-108. |
| [34] | Yang, Y.;Cui, J.;Zheng, M.;Hu, C.;Tan, S.;Xiao, Y.;Yang, Q.;Liu, Y. .One-step synthesis of amino-functionalized fluorescent carbon nanoparticles by hydrothermal carbonization of chitosan[J].Chemical communications,2012(3):380-382. |
| [35] | Pan, D.;Zhang, J.;Li, Z.;Wu, C.;Yan, X.;Wu, M. .Observation of pH-, solvent-, spin-, and excitation-dependent blue photoluminescence from carbon nanoparticles[J].Chemical communications,2010(21):3681-3683. |
| [36] | Zheng Xie;Fu Wang;Chun-yan Liu .Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Functional Carbon Dot Gel Glasses[J].Advanced Materials,2012(13):1716-1721. |
| [37] | Haitao Li;Xiaodie He;Yang Liu;Hang Yu;Zhenhui Kang;Shuit-Tong Lee .Synthesis of fluorescent carbon nanoparticles directly from active carbon via a one-step ultrasonic treatment[J].Materials Research Bulletin: An International Journal Reporting Research on Crystal Growth and Materials Preparation and Characterization,2011(1):147-151. |
| [38] | Yun Liu;Chun-yan Liu;Zhi-ying Zhang .Graphitized carbon dots emitting strong green photoluminescence[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry, C. materials for optical and electronic devices,2013(32):4902-4907. |
| [39] | Zhu, H;Wang, XL;Li, YL;Wang, ZJ;Yang, F;Yang, XR .Microwave synthesis of fluorescent carbon nanoparticles with electrochemiluminescence properties[J].Chemical communications,2009(34):5118-5120. |
| [40] | 王珊珊,米渭清,朱红,王芳辉.一步微波法合成碳点及其荧光性质研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2012(10):2710-2713. |
| [41] | Qinlong Wang;Huzhi Zheng;Yijuan Long .Microwave-hydrothermal synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from graphite oxide[J].Carbon: An International Journal Sponsored by the American Carbon Society,2011(9):3134-3140. |
| [42] | Fu Wang;Maximilian Kreiter;Bo He;Shuping Pang;Chun-yan Liu .Synthesis of direct white-light emitting carbogenic quantum dots[J].Chemical communications,2010(19):3309-3311. |
| [43] | BOURLINOS A B;STASSINOPOULOS A;ANGLOS D et al.Surface functionalized carbogenic quantum dots[J].SMALL,2008(4):455-458. |
| [44] | ZHANG R Q;BERTRAN E;LEE S T .Size dependence of energy gaps in small carbon cluster:the origin of broadband luminescence[J].Diamond andRelated Materials,1998,7(11):1663-1668. |
| [45] | Tamas Szabo;Otto Berkesi;Peter Forgo;Katalin Josepovits;Yiannis Sanakis .Evolution of Surface Functional Groups in a Series of Progressively Oxidized Graphite Oxides[J].Chemistry of Materials: A Publication of the American Chemistry Society,2006(11):2740-2749. |
| [46] | Niki Baccile;Guillaume Laurent;Florence Babonneau .Structural Characterization of Hydrothermal Carbon Spheres by Advanced Solid-State MAS ~(13)C NMR Investigations[J].The journal of physical chemistry, C. Nanomaterials and interfaces,2009(22):9644-9654. |
| [47] | Xin Wang;Li Cao;Sheng-Tao Yang .Bandgap-Like Strong Fluorescence in Functionalized Carbon Nanoparticles[J].Angewandte Chemie,2010(31):5310-5314. |
| [48] | Riggs JE.;Carroll DL.;Sun YP.;Guo ZX. .Strong luminescence of solubilized carbon nanotubes[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2000(24):5879-5880. |
| [49] | WILSON W L;SZAJOWSKI P F;BRUS L E .Quantum confinement in size-selected,surface-oxidized silicon nanocrystals[J].SCIENCE,1993,262(5137):1242-1244. |
| [50] | Hui Peng;Jadranka Travas-Sejdic .Simple Aqueous Solution Route to Luminescent Carbogenic Dots from Carbohydrates[J].Chemistry of Materials: A Publication of the American Chemistry Society,2009(23):5563-5565. |
| [51] | LI M;GOU H L;AL-QGAIDI I et al.Nanostructured sensors for detection of heavy metals:a review[J].ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,2013,1(7):713-723. |
| [52] | GONCALVES H M R;JORGE P A S;FERNANDES J R A et al.Hg(Ⅱ) sensing based on functionalized carbon dots obtained by direct laser ablation[J].Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical,2010,145(2):702-707. |
| [53] | GONCALYES H M R;DUARTE A J;ESTEVES DA;SILVA J C G .Optical fiber sensor for Hg(Ⅱ)based on carbon dots[J].Biosensors and Bioelectronics,2010,26(4):1302-1306. |
| [54] | ZHU A W;QU Q;SHAO X L et al.Carbon-dot-based dualemission nanohybrid produces a ratiometric fluorescent sensor for in vivo imaging of cellular copper ions[J].Angewandte Chemie,2012,124(29):7297-7301. |
| [55] | Xiangling Shao;Hui Gu;Zhen Wang;Xiaolan Chai;Yang Tian;Guoyue Shi .Highly Selective Electrochemical Strategy for Monitoring of Cerebral Cu~(2+) Based on a Carbon Dot-TPEA Hybridized Surface[J].Analytical chemistry,2013(1):418-425. |
| [56] | Jia-Ming Liu;Li-ping Lin;Xin-Xing Wang;Shao-Qin Lin;Wen-Lian Cai;Li-Hong Zhang;Zhi-Yong Zheng .Highly selective and sensitive detection of Cu~(2+) with lysine enhancing bovine serum albumin modified-carbon dots fluorescent probe[J].The Analyst: The Analytical Journal of the Royal Society of Chemistry: A Monthly International Publication Dealing with All Branches of Analytical Chemistry,2012(11):2637-2642. |
| [57] | Salinas-Castillo, A.;Ariza-Avidad, M.;Pritz, C.;Camprubí-Robles, M.;Fernández, B.;Ruedas-Rama, M.J.;Megia-Fernández, A.;Lapresta-Fernández, A.;Santoyo-Gonzalez, F.;Schrott-Fischer, A.;Capitan-Vallvey, L.F. .Carbon dots for copper detection with down and upconversion fluorescent properties as excitation sources[J].Chemical communications,2013(11):1103-1105. |
| [58] | QU K G;WANG J S;REN J S et al.Carbon dots prepared by hydrothermal treatment of dopamine as an effective fluorescent sensing platform for the label-free detection of iron(Ⅲ)ions and dopamine[J].Chemistry-A European Journal,2013,19(22):7243-7249. |
| [59] | LIU LiQin,LI YuanFang,ZHAN Lei,LIU Yue,HUANG ChengZhi.One-step synthesis of fluorescent hydroxyls-coated carbon dots with hydrothermal reaction and its application to optical sensing of metal ions[J].中国科学:化学（英文版）,2011(08):1342-1347. |
| [60] | Wei, W.;Xu, C.;Ren, J.;Xu, B.;Qu, X. .Sensing metal ions with ion selectivity of a crown ether and fluorescence resonance energy transfer between carbon dots and graphene[J].Chemical communications,2012(9):1284-1286. |
| [61] | 方静美,刘利芹,赵希娟,李原芳.铝离子与羟基功能化荧光碳点的相互作用[J].应用化学,2013(10):1144-1148. |
| [62] | LIN Z;XUE W;CHEN H et al.Peroxynitrous-acid-induced chemiluminescence of fluorescent carbon dots for nitrite sensing[J].Analytical Chemistry,2011,83(21):8245-8251. |
| [63] | Jia-Ming Liu;Li-ping Lin;Xin-Xing Wang;Li Jiao;Ma-Lin Cui;Shu-Lian Jiang;Wen-Lian Cai;Li-Hong Zhang;Zhi-Yong Zheng .Zr(H_2O))2EDTA modulated luminescent carbon dots as fluorescent probes for fluoride detection[J].The Analyst: The Analytical Journal of the Royal Society of Chemistry: A Monthly International Publication Dealing with All Branches of Analytical Chemistry,2013(1):278-283. |
| [64] | BAI W J;ZHENG H Z;LONG Y J et al.Carbon dots-based fluorescence turn-on method for DNA determination[J].Analytical Sciences,2011,27(3):243-246. |
| [65] | Mao, Y.;Bao, Y.;Han, D.;Li, F.;Niu, L. .Efficient one-pot synthesis of molecularly imprinted silica nanospheres embedded carbon dots for fluorescent dopamine optosensing[J].Biosensors & Bioelectronics: The International Journal for the Professional Involved with Research, Technology and Applications of Biosensers and Related Devices,2012(0):55-60. |
| [66] | Chen-I Wang;Arun Prakash Periasamy;Huan-Tsung Chang .Photoluminescent C-dots@RGO Probe for Sensitive and Selective Detection of Acetylcholine[J].Analytical chemistry,2013(6):3263-3270. |
| [67] | Yu, C.;Li, X.;Zeng, F.;Zheng, F.;Wu, S. .Carbon-dot-based ratiometric fluorescent sensor for detecting hydrogen sulfide in aqueous media and inside live cells[J].Chemical communications,2013(4):403-405. |
| [68] | Sudip Barman;Mriganka Sadhukhan .Facile bulk production of highly blue fluorescent graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots and their application as highly selective and sensitive sensors for the detection of mercuric and iodide ions in aqueous media[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry: An Interdisciplinary Journal dealing with Synthesis, Structures, Properties and Applications of Materials, Particulary Those Associated with Advanced Technology,2012(41):21832-21837. |
| [69] | Li, J.;Wang, N.;Tran.t, T.;Huang, C.;Chen, L.;Yuan, L.;Zhou, L.;Shen, R.;Cai, Q. .Electrogenerated chemiluminescence detection of trace level pentachlorophenol using carbon quantum dots[J].The Analyst: The Analytical Journal of the Royal Society of Chemistry: A Monthly International Publication Dealing with All Branches of Analytical Chemistry,2013(7):2038-2043. |
| [70] | Zheng Ma;Yong-Lai Zhang;Lei Wang .Bioinspired Photoelectric Conversion System Based on Carbon-Quantum-Dot-Doped Dye-Semiconductor Complex[J].ACS applied materials & interfaces,2013(11):5080-5084. |
| [71] | Cao, L.;Sahu, S.;Anilkumar, P.;Bunker, C.E.;Xu, J.;Fernando, K.A.S.;Wang, P.;Guliants, E.A.;Tackett, K.N.;Sun, Y.-P. .Carbon nanoparticles as visible-light photocatalysts for efficient CO _2 conversion and beyond[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2011(13):4754-4757. |
| [72] | Hang Yu;Hengchao Zhang;Hui Huang .ZnO/carbon quantum dots nanocomposites: one-step fabrication and superior photocatalytic ability for toxic gas degradation under visible light at room temperature[J].New Journal of Chemistry,2012(4):1031-1035. |
| [73] | Zhang, H.;Ming, H.;Lian, S.;Huang, H.;Li, H.;Zhang, L.;Liu, Y.;Kang, Z.;Lee, S.-T. .Fe_2O_3/carbon quantum dots complex photocatalysts and their enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light[J].Dalton transactions: An international journal of inorganic chemistry,2011(41):10822-10825. |
| [74] | Hengchao Zhang;Hui Huang;Hai Ming .Carbon quantum dots/Ag3PO4 complex photocatalysts with enhanced photocatalytic activity and stability under visible light[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry: An Interdisciplinary Journal dealing with Synthesis, Structures, Properties and Applications of Materials, Particulary Those Associated with Advanced Technology,2012(21):10501-10506. |
| [75] | Haitao Li;Ruihua Liu;Yang Liu .Carbon quantum dots/Cu2O composites with protruding nanostructures and their highly efficient (near) infrared photocatalytic behavior[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry: An Interdisciplinary Journal dealing with Synthesis, Structures, Properties and Applications of Materials, Particulary Those Associated with Advanced Technology,2012(34):17470-17475. |
| [76] | Tang, D.;Zhang, H.;Huang, H.;Liu, R.;Han, Y.;Liu, Y.;Tong, C.;Kang, Z. .Carbon quantum dots enhance the photocatalytic performance of BiVO _4 with different exposed facets[J].Dalton transactions: An international journal of inorganic chemistry,2013(18):6285-6289. |
| [77] | Haitao Li;Ruihua Liu;Suoyuan Lian .Near-infrared light controlled photocatalytic activity of carbon quantum dots for highly selective oxidation reaction[J].Nanoscale,2013(8):3289-3297. |
| [78] | Haopeng Li;Yihua Zhu;Huimin Cao;Xiaoling Yang;Chunzhong Li .Preparation and characterization of photocatalytic carbon dots-sensitized electrospun titania nanostructured fibers[J].Materials Research Bulletin: An International Journal Reporting Research on Crystal Growth and Materials Preparation and Characterization,2013(2):232-237. |
| [79] | Byong Yong Yu;Seung-Yeop Kwak .Carbon quantum dots embedded with mesoporous hematite nanospheres as efficient visible light-active photocatalysts[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry: An Interdisciplinary Journal dealing with Synthesis, Structures, Properties and Applications of Materials, Particulary Those Associated with Advanced Technology,2012(17):8345-8353. |
| [80] | H?tzer, B.;Medintz, I.L.;Hildebrandt, N. .Fluorescence in nanobiotechnology: Sophisticated fluorophores for novel applications[J].Small,2012(15):2297-2326. |
| [81] | 董微,王莹,宋有涛,袁贵丽,高艳艳,张爱爱.荧光碳点对人血淋巴细胞标记成像[J].光谱实验室,2013(03):1035-1038. |
| [82] | LIU C J;ZHANG P;TIAN F et al.One-step synthesis of surface passivated carbon nanodots by microwave assisted pyrolysis for enhanced multicolor photoluminescence and bioimaging[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry,2011,21(35):13163-13167. |
| [83] | Sahu, S.;Behera, B.;Maiti, T.K.;Mohapatra, S. .Simple one-step synthesis of highly luminescent carbon dots from orange juice: Application as excellent bio-imaging agents[J].Chemical communications,2011(70):8835-8837. |
| [84] | BOURLINOS A B;BAKANDRITSOS A;KOULOUMPIS A et al.Gd(Ⅲ)-doped carbon dots as a dual fluorescent-MRI probe[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry,2012,22(44):23327-23330. |
| [85] | Jaiswal, A.;Ghosh, S.S.;Chattopadhyay, A. .One step synthesis of C-dots by microwave mediated caramelization of poly(ethylene glycol)[J].Chemical communications,2012(3):407-409. |
| [86] | Yang, ST;Cao, L;Luo, PGJ;Lu, FS;Wang, X;Wang, HF;Meziani, MJ;Liu, YF;Qi, G;Sun, YP .Carbon Dots for Optical Imaging in Vivo[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2009(32):11308-11309. |
| [87] | Kim S;Lim YT;Soltesz EG;De Grand AM;Lee J;Nakayama A;Parker .Near-infrared fluorescent type II quantum dots for sentinel lymph node mapping[J].Nature biotechnology,2004(1):93-97. |
| [88] | Soo-Choi H;Liu W;Misra P;Tanaka E;Zimmer JP;Itty-Ipe B;Bawendi MG;Frangioni JV .Renal clearance of quantum dots.[J].Nature biotechnology,2007(10):1165-1170. |
| [89] | Peng Huang;Jing Lin;Xiansong Wang;Zhe Wang;Chunlei Zhang;Meng He;Kan Wang;Feng Chen;Zhiming Li;Cuangxia Shen;Daxiang Cui;Xiaoyuan Chen .Light-Triggered Theranostics Based on Photosensitizer-Conjugated Carbon Dots for Simultaneous Enhanced-Fluorescence Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy[J].Advanced Materials,2012(37):5104-5110. |
| [90] | Huang, X.;Zhang, F.;Zhu, L.;Choi, K.Y.;Guo, N.;Guo, J.;Tackett, K.;Anilkumar, P.;Liu, G.;Quan, Q.;Choi, H.S.;Niu, G.;Sun, Y.-P.;Lee, S.;Chen, X. .Effect of injection routes on the biodistribution, clearance, and tumor uptake of carbon dots[J].ACS nano,2013(7):5684-5693. |
| [91] | LAI C W;HSIAO Y H;PENG Y K et al.Facile synthesis of highly emissive carbon dots from pyrolysis of glycerol;gram scale production of carbon dots/mSiO2 for cell imaging and drug[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry,2012,22(29):14403-14409. |
| [92] | Wang, F.;Chen, Y.-H.;Liu, C.-Y.;Ma, D.-G. .White light-emitting devices based on carbon dots' electroluminescence[J].Chemical communications,2011(12):3502-3504. |
| [93] | Zhang, P.;Li, W.;Zhai, X.;Liu, C.;Dai, L.;Liu, W. .A facile and versatile approach to biocompatible "fluorescent polymers" from polymerizable carbon nanodots[J].Chemical communications,2012(84):10431-10433. |
| [94] | Jing Wang;Cai-Feng Wang;Su Chen .Amphiphilic Egg-Derived Carbon Dots: Rapid Plasma Fabrication, Pyrolysis Process, and Multicolor Printing Patterns[J].Angewandte Chemie,2012(37):9297-9301. |
上一张
下一张
上一张
下一张
计量
- 下载量()
- 访问量()
文章评分
- 您的评分：
-
10%
-
20%
-
30%
-
40%
-
50%