通过优化爆炸喷涂工艺制备硬度高、结构均匀致密的碳化钨涂层,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察喷涂粉末的形貌、用显微硬度计测试涂层的维氏显微硬度、用光学显微镜、X射线衍射(XRD)和能谱仪(EDS)观察分析涂层的结构组成.结果表明:提高氧燃比,涂层的硬度和结合强度先增后降;孔隙率则先降后增.氧燃比较低,粒子飞行速率低和熔融不足是涂层致密性和力学性能下降的主要原因;氧燃比过高,粒子脱碳和黏结相在冷却过程中收缩不均匀是影响涂层结构和性能的决定因素.氧燃比为1.15时可有效减少涂层的氧化和脱碳,涂层的综合性能最优;截面维氏显微硬度HV0.3达到1178kg·mm-2、孔隙率为0.86％,涂层与基材间的结合强度达到152MPa.
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