利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析Mg-3.52Sn-xM和Mg-6.54Sn-xM(M=Al,Zn,Nd,Gd)合金的铸态组织和相组成,测试其拉伸力学性能。结果表明:在Mg-3.52Sn合金中分别添加0.91% (质量分数,下同)Al和1.03%Zn后,粗大树枝晶有所细化,小块状Mg2Sn相极少;分别添加0.92%Nd和1.10% Gd后,树枝晶明显弱化,出现较多的小块状或细短杆状化合物Mg-Sn-Nd和Mg-Sn-Gd。在Mg-6.54Sn合金分别添加0.93%Al和1.08%Zn后,树枝晶明显细化,原先趋于连续网状分布的Mg2Sn相有所破碎;分别添加0.86%Nd和0.74%Gd后,树枝晶亦明显弱化,Mg2Sn相已完全破碎成小块状并呈弥散分布或出现明显破碎,同样出现较多的小块状或细短杆状化合物Mg-Sn-Nd和Mg-Sn-Gd。在Mg-3.52Sn和Mg-6.54Sn二元合金中添加约1%的Al和Zn能有效提高其室温和高温拉伸力学性能,而分别添加约1%的Nd和Gd则不能有效提高其室温和高温拉伸力学性能,且Nd的弱化效果更明显。
As-cast microstructures and phase compositions of Mg-3.52Sn-xM and Mg-6.54Sn-xM (M=Al, Zn, Nd, Gd) alloys were investigated by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. Meanwhile, the tensile mechanical properties were tested. The results show that the coarse dendrite is refined slightly and few block Mg2Sn phase still exists when 0.91% (mass fraction, the same below) Al and 1.03%Zn are added into Mg-3.52Sn alloy, respectively. When 0.92%Nd and 1.10%Gd are added respectively, the dendrite weakens obviously and many small block or fine short rod-shaped compounds Mg-Sn-Nd and Mg-Sn-Gd can be observed. When 0.93%Al and 1.08%Zn are added into Mg-6.54Sn respectively, the dendrite is refined obviously and Mg2Sn phase tending to precipitate in the state of continuous net begins to break slightly. When 0.86%Nd and 0.74%Gd are added respectively, the dendrite weakens significantly and Mg2Sn phase has already broken into small block completely or significantly. Meanwhile, many small block or fine short rod-shaped compounds Mg-Sn-Nd and Mg-Sn-Gd can also be observed. The respective addition of about 1%Al and Zn into the Mg-3.52Sn and Mg-6.54Sn binary alloys respectively can enhance the tensile mechanical properties namely the ambient and elevated temperatures effectively, while the respective addition of about 1%Nd and Gd cannot enhance them effectively, especially for the addition of Nd.
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