通过自主设计的单向拉伸应力松弛装置研究7050铝合金时效成形过程中的应力松弛行为和回弹方程.结果表明:时效温度范围内7050铝合金的应力松弛曲线表现为典型的对数衰减曲线.该松弛过程可以分为应力快速下降,应力缓慢衰减和应力保持相对恒定3个阶段.随着温度的升高应力松弛极限逐渐降低.由于7050铝合金时效析出与应力松弛中位错蠕变的共同作用引起了松弛过程槛应力现象.通过解析7050铝合金应力松弛行为的特征和松弛曲线的泰勒方程得到该合金在时效温度范围内的应力松弛经验公式,以此获得该合金时效成形过程中的应力松弛方程,并利用该经验公式较好地预测时效成形后试样的回弹率.
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