冶金级硅是生产多晶体硅的主要原料，而多晶硅主要用于太阳电池的制备。为了满足制备太阳电池的条件，需精炼冶金级硅以降低其中的杂质含量。熔剂精炼是一种相对能耗低，在杂质硼、磷去除方面具有一定优势的冶金级硅提纯技术，将熔剂精炼和酸浸处理结合起来的方法能进一步提高冶金级硅的提纯效果，对制备低成本太阳能级多晶硅具有重要影响。对目前熔剂精炼提纯冶金级硅的最新研究进展作了较为全面的阐述，详细介绍了国内外研究人员采用 Ca-Si、Al-Si、Sn-Si、Cu-Si 等熔剂体系精炼去除冶金级硅中杂质的方法、工艺及效果。采用熔剂精炼结合湿法处理提纯冶金级硅，通过调控析出成分，使得金属杂质或非金属杂质间形成易于在晶界处沉淀析出并溶于酸的化合物，实现熔剂精炼与湿法处理对杂质的强化析出及协同去除。最后对熔剂精炼结合湿法处理提纯冶金级硅进行了总结并对其发展做出展望。
Metallurgical grade silicon(MG-Si)is the essential raw material for producing polycrystalline silicon, which is mainly used for the preparation of solar cells.MG-Si should be refined to reduce the impurity contend to be appropriate for the preparation of solar cells.Solvent refining is a low-energy consumption purification technology which is good at removing impurities such as boron and phosphorus in MG-Si.If combine with the acid leaching treat-ment with the solvent refining method,the purification effect of MG-Si will be improved,and this can reduce the cost for the solar polysilicon industry.The latest progress in purification of MG-Si by solvent refining is comprehensively described,and the purification of MG-Si is introduced in detail,such as the Ca-Si,Al-Si,Sn-Si,Cu-Si solvent sys-tem.MG-Si can be purified by employing the method of solvent refining and subsequent acid leaching.The key work is to adjust and control the separated out composition,as to make it is easy to precipitate the metal or nonmetal impu-rities in the grain boundary which are dissolved in the acid.Consequently,reinforced separation and synergistic remov-al of impurities can be realized.The technical strengths and weakness,feasibilities,development trends,and future prospects of the above mentioned impurity removal technologies,and the possible mechanisms responsible for silicon refining are also discussed briefly.
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