生物柴油是环境友好的替代燃油,由天然油脂与低级醇通过酯交换反应制备.采用固体酸催化剂制备生物柴油较为简单,同样适用于低等级、高度酸性以及含有水的油的酯化和酯交换反应,且不形成皂化物,还可以有效避免传统均相酸碱催化酯交换工艺中存在的产品分离困难和废催化剂的二次污染问题.研究非均相固体酸催化剂在生物柴油生产中的应用,对于正在兴起的中国生物柴油产业具有重要的意义.详细介绍了各种固体酸,包括硫酸化的金属氧化物、磺酸离子交换树脂、磺酸改性的介孔二氧化硅材料、磺化碳基催化剂、杂多酸和酸性离子液体作为酯化和酯交换反应中的非均相催化剂的研究进展.
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