气凝胶极高的孔隙率有效降低了材料的固相热传导,孔径主要分布在介孔范围内(2～50 nm),有效抑制了气相传热,而遮光剂的引入可起到很好的反射、吸收和再散射作用,进一步降低气凝胶的辐射热传导,从而使得气凝胶材料具备极低的热导率,是一种优质的高效隔热材料.根据组分的不同,气凝胶主要可分为氧化物气凝胶、炭气凝胶和碳化物气凝胶.氧化物气凝胶材料在高温区(＞1000℃)容易发生晶型转变及颗粒的烧结,其耐温性相对较差,但是其在中高温区(＜1000℃)具备较低的热导率.炭气凝胶材料在真空或惰性氛围下耐温性最高可达3000℃,2000℃下热导率低至o.601 W·m-1·K-1,密度可调,但是该材料在有氧氛围下容易发生烧蚀,这需要通过涂覆某些抗氧化性涂层来加以有效解决.碳化物气凝胶材料目前研究较为匮乏,报道最多的是碳化硅气凝胶,但是也仅限于对该材料的制备与表征,而对于其热学性能方面的研究仍然较少.主要介绍了这三大类耐高温气凝胶隔热材料的研究进展,并对其未来的发展方向进行了展望.
参考文献
| [1] | Wang Xiaodong;Sun Duo;Duan Yuanyuan et al.Radiative characteristics of opacifier-loaded silica aerogel composites[J].JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS,2013,375:31. |
| [2] | Guoqing Zu;Jun Shen;Liping Zou .Nanoengineering Super Heat-Resistant, Strong Alumina Aerogels[J].Chemistry of Materials: A Publication of the American Chemistry Society,2013(23):4757-4764. |
| [3] | Bi Yutie;Ren Hongbo;Zhang Lin .Synthesis of a low-density copper oxide monolithic aerogel using inorganic salt precursor[J].Adv Mater Res,2011,217:1165. |
| [4] | Nguyen MH.;Dao LH. .Effects of processing variable on melamine-formaldehyde aerogel formation[J].Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids: A Journal Devoted to Oxide, Halide, Chalcogenide and Metallic Glasses, Amorphous Semiconductors, Non-Crystalline Films, Glass-Ceramics and Glassy Composites,1998(1):51-57. |
| [5] | Ke Chen;Zhihao Bao;Ai Du .One-pot synthesis, characterization and properties of acid-catalyzed resorcinol/formaldehyde cross-linked silica aerogels and their conversion to hierarchical porous carbon monoliths[J].Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology,2012(3):294-303. |
| [6] | Kong, Y.;Zhong, Y.;Shen, X.;Cui, S.;Yang, M.;Teng, K.;Zhang, J. .Facile synthesis of resorcinol-formaldehyde/silica composite aerogels and their transformation to monolithic carbon/silica and carbon/silicon carbide composite aerogels[J].Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids: A Journal Devoted to Oxide, Halide, Chalcogenide and Metallic Glasses, Amorphous Semiconductors, Non-Crystalline Films, Glass-Ceramics and Glassy Composites,2012(23):3150-3155. |
| [7] | Biedunkiewicz, A.;Figiel, P.;Krawczyk, M.;Gabriel-Polrolniczak, U. .Simultaneous synthesis of molybdenum carbides and titanium carbides by sol-gel method[J].Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry,2013(1):253-258. |
| [8] | Liu Haijing;Wang Jie;Wang Congxiao et al.Ordered hierarchical mesoporous/microporous carbon derived from mesoporous titanium-carbide/carbon composites and its electrochemical performance in supercapacitor[J].Adv Energy Mater,2011,1(06):1101. |
| [9] | Aravindp R;Mukundan P;Krishna Pillai P et al.Mesoporous silica-alumina aerogels with high thermal pore stability through hybrid sol-gel route followed by subcritical drying[J].Micorp Mesop Mater,2006,96(01):14. |
| [10] | Yong Kong;Ya Zhong;Xiao-dong Shen;Sheng Cui;Junjun Zhang;Meng Yang .Synthesis and characterization of monolithic carbon/silicon carbide composite aerogels[J].Journal of porous materials,2013(4):845-849. |
| [11] | Marcus A. Worsley;Joshua D. Kuntz;Joe H. Satcher, Jr .Synthesis and characterization of monolithic, high surface area SiO2/C and SiC/C composites[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry: An Interdisciplinary Journal dealing with Synthesis, Structures, Properties and Applications of Materials, Particulary Those Associated with Advanced Technology,2010(23):4840-4844. |
| [12] | Zhong Ya;Kong Yong;Shen Xiaodong et al.Synthesis of a novel porous material comprising carbon/alumina composite aerogels monoliths with high compressive strength[J].Micorp Mesop Mater,2013,172:182. |
| [13] | Lee Okjoo;Lee Kunhong;Jin Yimtae et al.Determination of mesopore size of aerogels from thermal conductivity measurements[J].JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS,2002,298(2-3):287. |
| [14] | Kuhn J;Gleissner T;Ardunin-Schuster M et al.Integration of mineral powders into SiO2 aerogels[J].JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS,1995,186:291. |
| [15] | Lee Daehee;Stevens Peter C;Zeng Shouquan et al.Thermal characterization of carbon-opacified silica aerogels[J].JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS,1995,186:285. |
| [16] | Zhang Hexin;He Xiaoodng;He Fei .Microstructural characterization and properties of ambient-dried SiO2 matrix aerogel doped with opacified TiO2 powder[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2009,469(1-2):366. |
| [17] | Fricke J;Lu X;Wang P et al.Optimization of monolithic silica aerogel insulants[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,1992,35(09):2305. |
| [18] | 韩亚芬,夏新林,刘海东,谈和平.纳米隔热材料导热特性研究[J].功能材料,2014(03):03017-03019. |
| [19] | 谢涛,何雅玲,吴明,何超.气凝胶纳米多孔隔热材料传热计算模型的研究[J].工程热物理学报,2014(02):299-304. |
| [20] | Te-Yu Wei;Shih-Yuan Lu;Yu-Cheng Chang .A New Class of Opacified Monolithic Aerogels of Ultralow High-Temperature Thermal Conductivities[J].The journal of physical chemistry, C. Nanomaterials and interfaces,2009(17):7424-7428. |
| [21] | 孙登科 .TiO2掺杂硅气凝胶的制备及其高温绝热性能研究[D].长安大学,2012. |
| [22] | 伊希斌,王修春,张晶,马婕,刘硕,沈晓冬,崔升.自生纳米纤维增强SiO2气凝胶的制备及性能研究[J].无机化学学报,2014(03):603-608. |
| [23] | 张君君,仲亚,沈晓冬,崔升,孔勇,冀黎莉,李博雅.氧化钇掺杂块状SiO2气凝胶的制备与表征[J].无机化学学报,2014(04):793-799. |
| [24] | Poco JF.;Hrubesh LW.;Satcher JH. .Synthesis of high porosity, monolithic alumina aerogels[J].Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids: A Journal Devoted to Oxide, Halide, Chalcogenide and Metallic Glasses, Amorphous Semiconductors, Non-Crystalline Films, Glass-Ceramics and Glassy Composites,2001(1/3):57-63. |
| [25] | I-Ming Hung;De-Tsai Hung;Kuan-Zong Fung .Effect of calcination temperature on morphology of mesoporous YSZ[J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2006(13):2627-2632. |
| [26] | Sun Jingjing;Hu Zijun;Li Junning et al.Thermal and mechanical properties of fibrous zirconia ceramics with ultrahigh porosity[J].CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL,2014,40(08):11787. |
| [27] | Bedilo A F;Klabunde K J .Synthesis of high surface area zirconia aerogels using high temperature supercritical drying[J].Nanostructured Materials,1997,8(02):119. |
| [28] | 郭兴忠,颜立清,杨辉,李建,李超宇,蔡晓波.添加环氧丙烷法常压干燥制备ZrO2气凝胶[J].物理化学学报,2011(10):2478-2484. |
| [29] | Zhong Liang;Chen Xiaohong;Song Huaihe .Synthesis of monolithic zirconia aerogel via a nitric acid assisted epoxide addition method[J].RSC Adv,2014,4(60):31666. |
| [30] | Pekala R W .Organic aerogels from the polycondensation of resorcinol with formaldehyde[J].Journal of Materials Science,1989,24(09):3221. |
| [31] | Zeng S Q;Hunt A;Greif R .Theoretical modeling of carbon content to minimize heat transfer in silica aerogel[J].JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS,1995,186:271. |
| [32] | 李淑萍,李克智,袁秦鲁.碳/碳复合材料SiC-HfSi_2抗烧蚀复合涂层[J].硅酸盐学报,2010(02):352-356. |
| [33] | Kircher Thomas A;Courtright Edward L .Engineering limitations of MoSi2 coatings[J].MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING,1992,155(01):67. |
| [34] | Cook J;Khan A;Lee E et al.Oxidation of MoSi2-based composites[J].MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING,1992,155(01):183. |
| [35] | 侯党社,李克智,李贺军,付前刚,魏剑,和永岗.C/C复合材料SiC-TaSi2/MoSi2抗氧化复合涂层研究[J].金属学报,2008(03):331-335. |
| [36] | Hrubesh Lawrence .Lightweight,high strength carbon aerogel composites and method of fabrication[P].US 0134916,2003-01-17. |
| [37] | Feng Junzong;Feng Jian;Jiang Yonggang et al.Ultralow density carbon aerogels with low thermal conductivity up to 2000 ℃[J].Materials Letters,2011,65(23):3454. |
| [38] | 黄鹏 .炭气凝胶充填泡沫碳复合结构的传热模拟与实验研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2013. |
| [39] | 李俊宁;胡子君;孙陈诚 .一种炭泡沫原位增强炭气凝胶高温隔热材料及其制备方法[P].CN 103044057,2013-04-17. |
| [40] | 杜姗 .Al2O3气凝胶充填非石墨化泡沫碳的干燥工艺及抗氧化涂层研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学,2013. |
| [41] | Won J Y;Kim S R B;Lee Y J et al.Effect of temperature and carbon contents on the synthesis of β-SiC powder[J].J Nano Res,2013,21:83. |
| [42] | Dyjak Slawomir;Norek Malgorzata;Polanski Marek et al.A simple method of synthesis and surface purification of titanium carbide powder[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials,2013,38:87. |
| [43] | Xintong Li;Xiaohong Chen;Huaihe Song .Preparation of silicon carbide nanowires via a rapid heating process[J].Materials Science & Engineering, B. Solid-State Materials for Advanced Technology,2011(1):87-91. |
| [44] | Xin Lipeng;Shi Qiang;Chen Jianjun et al.Morphological evolution of one-dimensional SiC nanomaterials controlled by sol-gel carbothermal reduction[J].Materials Characterization,2012,65:55. |
| [45] | Yuan Xiaoyan;Cheng Laifei;Kong Luo et al.Preparation of titanium carbide nanowires for application in electromagnetic wave absorption[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2014,596:132. |
| [46] | Omid Ebrahimpour;Charles Dubois;Jamal Chaouki .Fabrication of mullite-bonded porous SiC ceramics via a sol-gel assisted in situ reaction bonding[J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2014(2):237-247. |
| [47] | Wei Kai;Cheng Xiangmeng;He Rujie et al.Heat transfer mechanism of the C/SiC ceramics pyramidal lattice composites[J].Composites Part B:Eng,2014,63:8. |
| [48] | Nicholas Leventis;Anand Sadekar;Naveen Chandrasekaran .Click Synthesis of Monolithic Silicon Carbide Aerogels from Polyacrylonitrile-Coated 3D Silica Networks[J].Chemistry of Materials: A Publication of the American Chemistry Society,2010(9):2790-2803. |
| [49] | Ke Chen;Zhihao Bao;Ai Du .Synthesis of resorcinol-formaldehyde/silica composite aerogels and their low-temperature conversion to mesoporous silicon carbide[J].Microporous and mesoporous materials: The offical journal of the International Zeolite Association,2012(1):16-24. |
| [50] | Kong Yong;Zhong Ya;Shen Xiaodong et al.Preparation of fiber reinforced porous silicon carbide monoliths[J].Materials Letters,2013,110:141. |
上一张
下一张
上一张
下一张
计量
- 下载量()
- 访问量()
文章评分
- 您的评分：
-
10%
-
20%
-
30%
-
40%
-
50%