煤灰渣是我国目前排量最大的工业废渣之一,如何综合利用煤灰渣,实现其资源化利用具有重要意义。以黑龙江某热电厂煤灰为原料,硫酸酸浸提铝后得到高硅残渣,此高硅渣与碳酸钠高温焙烧后水溶制备 Na2 SiO3溶液,再采用碳分法制备纳米白炭黑。通过单因素试验得到反应的优化条件为：反应温度75℃,通气速率 v=1 min-1,通气终点 pH=8。反应过程中加入的表面活性剂以质量分数2%的聚乙二醇10000效果最佳,制备的 SiO2粒子尺寸小,分布均匀且团聚体较小。分散剂以质量分数1%的 NaCl 制备的产品分散性最佳。得到白炭黑沉淀后再经陈化、过滤洗涤以及正丁醇共沸,最后干燥得粒径20 nm 左右的疏松纳米白炭黑产品。
Coal ash is one of the largest industrial waste emissions in our country,how to achieve its resource-oriented utilization has important significance.Coal ash from a power plant of Heilongjiang province was firstly im-mersed in sulfuric acid to generate aluminized solution and high silicon residue.Then the carbonation method was cho-sen to prepare nano-silica aerogel with Na2 SiO3 solution as raw materials prepared by calcinating the high silicon resi-due with Na2 CO3 .The optimal conditions obtained by single factor experiment were as follows:reaction temperature was 75 ℃,ventilation rate was 1 min-1 ,reaction end was pH=8.The mass concentration of 2% PEG10000 is the best surfactant,leading to smaller particle size,more uniform distribution and smaller aggregate of SiO2 .The addition of 1% NaCl in the mass concentration can effectively improve the particle dispersion.After aging,filtering,washing, azeotropic distillation and drying,loose SiO2 particles were finally obtained whose size was 20 nm.
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