泡沫流体以其低密度、高粘度和独特的流变性在油田开采中被广泛应用，然而形成泡沫的必要组分是起泡剂，其最重要的性能就是起泡性能和稳泡性能。但在国内一些高温、高盐油藏中，地下泡沫的起泡性能和稳泡性能与室内实验相比均有所下降，未能达到预期的原油采收率。论述了高温、高盐条件下导致泡沫消泡的微观机理；介绍了目前高温、高盐油藏常用的单组分起泡剂、复合/复配型起泡剂的基本类型和苛刻的储层条件对不同类型起泡剂泡沫性能的制约性；同时综述了国内外高温、高盐油藏常用起泡剂的研究进展及油田应用现状；以分子结构、有效官能团、复配微观规律和绿色环保为主要研究方向，展望了我国高温、高盐油藏起泡剂研究发展趋势。
Thanks to low density and high viscosity as well as unique rheological properties,the fluid of foam is widely used in oil exploration.Foaming agent is a essential component to formatting foam,in which the most impor-tant properties include foaming performance and foam stability.However,when the foam is in the high temperature and reservoirs,foaming properties and foam stability has declined than data in room,which failed to meet the expected recovery of oil.Firstly,expounds the microscopic mechanism of defoaming foam under high temperature and high sa-linity conditions.Meanwhile,describes the basic types of one-component foaming agent as well as compound or com-plex type foaming agent,which are commonly used in high temperature and salinity reservoirs,discussing the different foaming agent have some shortcoming in harsh reservoir conditions.Moreover,the research progress of foaming agent in the high temperature and salinity reservoirs at home and abroad is reviewed.In addition,from the perspective of molecular structure,effective functional group and complex microscopic mechanism as well as green energy,prospects to the development trend of foaming agent at home in the high temperature and salinity reservoir.
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