碳纳米材料(如炭黑、介孔碳、碳纳米管、石墨烯、碳纳米纤维、碳纳米角等)因其优异的电学性能和结构特性(良好的导电性能和超大的比表面积),被研究者广泛用作低温燃料电池贵金属催化剂的载体.然而,作为催化剂载体的这类碳纳米材料通常都存在电化学腐蚀的问题,碳载体的腐蚀通常会导致贵金属纳米催化剂的聚集,这将使催化剂的性能降低.为了改善碳载体的抗腐蚀性能,提高金属纳米粒子的活性和稳定性,许多研究工作致力于制备特殊结构的碳纳米材料,或对碳纳米材料进行表面修饰、掺杂等.与此同时,为了取代价格昂贵的贵金属催化剂,非贵金属催化剂的研究也成为一大热点,掺杂碳纳米材料就是研究热点之一.对近几年来围绕碳纳米材料制备、改性,以及这些改性碳纳米材料作为金属纳米粒子载体等的研究工作做了较为详细的综述,同时介绍了掺杂碳纳米材料作为氧还原催化剂的研究进展.
Carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon blacks, mesoporous carbon, carbon nanotubes, grapheme,carbon nanofibers, carbon nanohorns and so forth, are widely used as catalyst supports in low-temperature fuel cells due to their excellent electrical properties and structural characteristics, such as ultra high surface area and excellent conductivity.However carbonaceous supports are susceptible to corrosion under the harsh chemical and electrochemical oxidation conditions.The corrosion of carbon supports causes detachment and agglomeration of precious meter nanoparticles, which will result in the degradation of catalyst performance.In order to improve the corrosion resistance of carbon supports, enhance the activity and stability of the metal nanoparticles, many researchers dedicated to the preparation of carbon nanomaterials with special structure, or modifying and doping the carbon supports, etc.At the same time, in order to replace expensive precious metal catalysts, the non-precious metal catalysts has also become hot spots, doped carbon nanomaterials is one of them.This paper presents an overview on the preparation and modification of carbon nonamaterials, and the impact on catalyst performance as these modified carbon nanomaterials are used as support in low-temperature fuel cells.This article also introduces the progress of doped carbon nanomaterials as oxygen reduction catalysts.
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