以Mn-Ni-Mo-Ti-B为主要合金系, 研制出适用于低温服役环境下的高强高韧管线钢埋弧焊丝, 并应用于30.8 mm厚K65管线钢现场焊接实验. 结果表明, 焊缝金属屈服强度达到583~689 MPa, 抗拉强度达到714~768 MPa, -40 ℃冲击功均在90 J以上, 焊缝具有优异的强韧性匹配. 焊丝直径为4.0 mm, 适用于四丝双面埋弧焊, 效率高, 且热影响区(HAZ) 低温韧性优异(-40 ℃冲击功>100 J). 采用OM, TEM和LePera方法对焊缝金属组织的观察表明, 焊缝组织主要为精细的针状铁素体、少量的先共析晶界铁素体、侧板条铁素体和弥散分布的细小马氏体/奥氏体(M/A) 岛状颗粒. 焊缝金属中0.2%Mo可以有效抑制先共析晶界铁素体及侧板条铁素体的生成, 晶粒细化作用显著. Mn和Ni的适量增加会促进针状铁素体的形成, 显著提高焊缝金属低温韧性. 但Mn, Ni配比不当而超过某个范围时将会导致马氏体或其它低温相变产物形成, 削弱低温韧性. 当K65焊缝金属中含(1.5%~2.0%)Mn, (0.9%~1.2%)Ni, (0.2%~0.25%)Mo时, 可以使其具有高强度的同时低温冲击韧性优异, 且在Mn与Ni配比含量不越过马氏体形成线(Ms线)的前提下, 可以采用加Mn减Ni的方法配比其合金含量.
Longitudinal submerged arc welding pipeline steels with heavy caliber and large wall thickness are widely applied in the oil gas transmission to enhance the transmission efficiency and save cost. K65 pipeline steels are the main material for the Bovanenkove-Ukhta oil & gas transmission project. It is required that the -40 ℃ low temperature toughness of weld metal and heat affected zone (HAZ) are over 60 J for K65 pipelines. This standard is much stricter than that of X80 pipelines. The pipeline with superior low temperature toughness is seldom investigated. In this work, the Mn-Ni-Mo-Ti-B alloy submerged arc welding wire with high strength and high tough ness was designed, which was favorable to obtain excellent low temperature toughness. The results showed that the weld metal had a good combination of strength and low temperature toughness, the yield strength was 583~689 MPa, the tensile strength was 714~768 MPa, and the impact absorbed energy at -40 ℃ was over 90 J. The wire with a diameter of 4.0 mm was suitable for double-sided submerged arc welding with four wires, and the -40 ℃ impact energy of HAZ was over 100 J. The microstructure of weld metal was primarily comprised of fine acicular ferrite (AF), proeutectoid grain boundary ferrite (GBF), ferrite side plates (FSP) and small martensite/austenite (M/A) constituents. The weld metal with 0.2%Mo can effectively restrain the formation of GBF and FSP, significantly refining the grain size. The increased Mn and Ni contents enhanced the low temperature toughness of weld metal by increasing the amount of acicular ferrite. However, the concentration of Mn and Ni should be controlled under a critical value; much more Mn and Ni additions would promote the formation of martensite or other low temperature microstructural features, which is detrimental to weld metal toughness. The optimum combination of alloying element content was (1.5%~2.0%)Mn, (0.9%~1.2%)Ni, (0.2%~0.25%)Mo. Excellent strength and toughness can be obtained through replacing Ni by Mn in the terms of the concentration of Mn and Ni being above the Ms line.
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