Inconel 718 高温合金广泛应用于航空、航天、电力和国防等领域中复杂金属结构构件的制造, 其高温抗疲劳性能和蠕变持久强度与成形加工过程中微观组织的演变密切相关. 以往的研究侧重于镍基合金热加工(如定向凝固、热处理、锻造和焊接等)工艺参数的优化, 较少从析出相控制的角度来阐明冷轧、热变形、焊接等工艺与高温服役性能之间的内在联系. 本文介绍了该合金中不同类型的析出相, 包括: 主要强化相(g'' 相)、辅助强化相(g' 相)、g'' 相的平衡相(d 相), 以及MX型碳氮化物和Laves 相; 论述了镍基合金制备过程中不同类型析出相的析出机制及其对合金高温性能的影响; 指出了镍基合金高能电子束焊接过程中, 焊接热影响区微裂纹形成的影响因素.
For the manufacture of complicated metallic structural components in power plants, aerospace and defense industry, Inconel 718 superalloy has been widely employed. High-temperature fatigue resistance and creep rupture strength of Inconel 718 superalloy are susceptible to the microstructure evolution in manufacture processing. Previous research work is generally focused on the parameter optimization of hot working processes (directional solidification, heat treatment, forging and welding). Relationships between the cold deformation, hot working, welding and the high-temperature mechanical performance, are seldom discussed, especially in the light of precipitate control . In this work, various types of secondary phases in Inconel 718 alloy are reviewed, including the primary strengthening phase (g'' phase), secondary strengthening phase (g' phase), equilibrium phase of g'' phase (d phase), MX-type carbonitride and Laves phase. Precipitation mechanisms of secondary phases in Inconel 718 alloy are also reviewed, as well as the effects of different types of precipitates on high-temperature performance of the Inconel 718 alloy. With respect to the high-energy electron beam welding of Inconel 718 alloys, factors contributing to the cracking in heat affected zone are indicated.
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