采用力学性能测试、组织观察等方法研究回火温度对26CrMo钢显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,26CrMo钢经540~690 ℃回火,随回火温度升高,显微组织中α相基体逐渐发生回复与再结晶,组织中马氏体形态逐渐消失,碳化物先在马氏体板条边界呈片状或棒状析出,逐渐演变为颗粒状弥散分布,690 ℃时碳化物在晶界聚集长大、球化。随回火温度升高,26CrMo钢强度逐渐降低,塑性、韧性逐渐增大;不同回火条件下,抗拉强度、屈服强度、延伸率和冲击功满足API 5DP标准中各级别钻杆要求。随回火温度升高,26CrMo钢总冲击功、起裂功和裂纹扩展功均逐渐增大,裂纹扩展功是起裂功的3倍以上,且两者比值变化不明显,表现出良好的抗裂纹扩展能力。不同回火温度下冲击性能的变化与其强度、塑性变化密切相关,冲击韧性好坏主要由塑性大小决定。
The effects of tempering temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of steel 26CrMo were studied based on mechanical property tests and microstructure observation. The results show that a phase matrix gradually occurs recovery and recrystallization with increasing temperature during 540~690 ℃ temper process, martensite morphology fades away gradually, flake or rocklike carbides separate out along the martensite boundaries, and then change into granulated dispersed distribution, at 690 ℃ tempering carbides happen aggregation and growth on grain boundaries. With tempering temperature increasing, the strength of 26CrMo steel is gradually reducing, plasticity and toughness are gradually increasing. The tensile property and impact energy can meet all different grade drill pipe requirements in API 5DP standard with different tempering conditions. The total impact energy, crack initiation energy and crack propagation energy of 26CrMo steel are gradually increasing with the tempering temperature rising, the crack propagation energy is three times of crack initiation energy which shows great anti-crack propagation capability, but their ratio has no obvious change. The change of impact pro-perty is closely related to the strength and plasticity change, impact toughness stand or fall depends on high or low plasticity.
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