采用乙醇辅助液相共沉淀法制备了纯相Ca-Al-LDH层状双金属氢氧化物,考察了Ca-Al-LDH的投加量、吸附时间、pH值、无机电解质(Na2CO3,KCl,Na2SO4,KNO3)和温度等因素对磷吸附的影响,结果表明,纯相Ca-Al-LDH对磷酸根离子具有很好的吸附性能,最大饱和吸附量可达160.78 mg/g,当pH值为5.1、温度为45℃、吸附时间为600 min、LDH投加量为0.6 g/L、磷初始浓度为80 mg/L时,磷的去除率高达95.88％;无机阴离子会抑制磷在吸附剂上的吸附,当Cl-浓度从2.5 g/L升高到25 g/L时,Ca-Al-LDH对磷酸盐的最大饱和吸附量从69.96 mg/g降至53.18 mg/g,降低了23.99％;当SO2-浓度从2.5 g/L升高到25 g/L时,Ca-Al-LDH对磷酸盐的最大饱和吸附量降低了24.79％,其它无机阴离子对磷在吸附剂上的吸附也有一定的影响.Ca-Al-LDH对水中磷的吸附符合二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温模型.采用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和X射线衍射仪等技术手段对制备的纯相Ca-Al-LDH及其吸附磷酸根后的产物进行表征,揭示了Ca-Al-LDH对磷酸根的吸附可能是静电吸引、化学吸附和阴离子插层等过程协同作用的吸附机理.
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