作为第三代主体化合物,杯芳烃及其衍生物具有重要的研究价值和应用前景.本工作分别合成了对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃单羧酸、二羧酸和四羧酸3种衍生物(CMA、CDA和CTA).与预期一致,这种本体疏水、上缘携带疏水结构、下缘携带亲水基团的杯[4]芳烃衍生物虽然具有典型的两亲性化合物结构特征,但却与一般表面活性剂不同,很难溶于水.胶凝实验发现,CDA和CTA分别可以胶凝17种有机溶剂和10种可聚合单体中的1种和7种,CMA和未修饰的对比物C4不含羧酸结构单元,不能胶凝其中任何一种.其中,CTA的可聚合单体凝胶不但具有良好的热可逆性,而且在水存在下,可以形成稳定的凝胶乳液.以此凝胶乳液为模板,通过聚合得到了具有不同微观结构的多孔块材.初步的吸附实验发现,这类材料对水体Cr(Ⅲ)、苯等污染物具有一定的脱除能力并可通过简单洗脱和干燥再生,有望在净水方面获得应用.
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