钯是一种重要的贵金属,在制药、燃料电池、电子电气和珠宝等行业得到广泛的应用.然而,它的大量使用不可避免会造成其在环境中的残留,产生毒害,因此对钯的检测与识别具有重要的意义.荧光探针具有较高的选择性、较高灵敏度、对设备依赖小、操作简单、检测限低等优点.本文综述了近年应用于低浓度检测钯离子荧光分子探针的设计方法及作用机制.按照荧光探针检测钯离子的响应模式,主要分为淬灭型、增强型、比率型3种方式进行评述.尽管钯离子探针的研究在分子设计上取得了重要进展,但荧光染料与钯离子的响应时间尚且不能人为控制,尤其对于复杂体系中钯离子的检测效果尚待进一步改进.因此,开发钯离子响应时间短、灵敏度高、专一识别性高并能应用于复杂体系的荧光探针,可能是今后主要发展方向.
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