在高体积分数SiCp／Al复合材料表面镀覆一层Ni－P合金可有效改善其可焊性.为在体积分数60％的SiCp／Al复合材料表面电镀一层Ni－P合金，采用正交试验对电镀工艺参数进行了优化，研究了电镀前预处理工艺，并考察了预处理对电镀层的影响.由正交试验获得了最佳硬度和最佳表面质量的工艺参数；采用SEM、EDS、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计等对镀层进行表征.研究结果表明：P含量通过影响Ni－P的晶体结构，进而影响其性能，随着P含量（9.38％~15.4％）的增加，Ni－P的非晶态结构越明显，硬度在P含量11.4％时达到最大值723.3 HV；与SiCp／Al表面SiC相上的沉积相比，电沉积Ni－P在Al相上的初始沉积迅速，且长大速度快，导致镀层微观表面凹凸不平.经165℃活化热处理及化学镀18 min后，再电镀40 min，获得的镀层微观表面平整、厚12.90~14.79μm.说明经过优化工艺参数和预处理，可制备表面平整且结合良好的Ni－P电镀层.
The weldability of high volume fraction SiCp/Al composites could be effectively improved by plating Ni-P coatings. In order to electro-deposite nickel-phosphorous ( Ni-P ) coatings on the surface of SiCp/Al composites reinforced by 60% volume fraction SiC particles, orthogonal tests were conducted to obtain optimal processing parameters and the pretreatment technology was studied. The influences of pretreatment on Ni-P deposits were investigated. SEM, EDS, X-ray diffraction and micro-hardness tester were applied to analyze Ni-P coatings. Optimal processing parameters for preparing Ni-P coatings with the highest hardness or the best surface quality were obtained. The results show that crystallographic structure of Ni-P coatings is mainly influenced by P content, which affects the property of Ni-P alloys. The amorphous state of Ni-P alloys becomes more obvious with P content increased (from 9.38wt% to 15.4wt%), and the P content for getting the maximum of micro-hardness (723.3 HV) is 11.4wt%. The initial deposition of Ni-P alloys and growth of deposits on the surface of Al is much more rapidly than that on the surface of SiC. This huge difference leads to an uneven micro-topography surface of Ni-P coatings on the surface of SiCp/Al. The level surface of Ni-P alloys can be got by electrodepositing for 40 min after pretreatment of being activated with heat treatment of 165 ℃ and electroless plating for 1 8 min , coating thickness is about 1 2 . 9 0~14.79 μm. Analysis results show that Ni-P alloys prepared by optimizing process parameters and pretreatment have level surface and higher adhesive strength.
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