SnAg焊料合金中Ag3 Sn金属间化合物(IMCs)的形态和分布对焊点的可靠性能有着显著的影响.采用X射线衍射(XRD),能量色散谱(EDS)和扫描电镜(SEM)等手段来表征Sn-3.5Ag(Sn-3.5％(质量分数)Ag)共晶焊料的铸态组织显微结构,研究不同冷却速率对Ag3Sn金属间化合物的形貌及分布的影响.实验采用预热石墨模(炉冷)、室温石墨模(空冷)、水冷铜模(水冷)及单辊甩带法(急冷)获得了冷却速率分别为1,10,1 × 103和1 × 106 K·s-1的Sn-3.5Ag合金样品.研究表明,随着冷却速率增加,晶粒生长时间变短,导致共晶组织细小.Ag3 Sn金属间化合物的形貌随着冷却速率增加,表现出了由片状→有片状尾巴的针状→针状→球状的趋势发展.脆性的球状Ag3Sn相在焊料中起到了弥散强化的作用,增强了焊料合金的力学强度,而片状Ag3Sn相则对力学性能有害.本研究得出了Sn-3.5Ag焊料维氏硬度与基体中金属间化合物Ag3 Sn晶粒尺寸的关系:HV =9.51 +0.11√d,得到该合金的相关常数:Hv,o=9.51和K=0.1.
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