以有机硅改性聚氨酯树脂为主要成膜物质,经氟硅烷进行表面改性后的TiO2纳米颗粒作为无机填料,制备具有自清洁功能的航空涂料.利用透射电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、扫描电镜(SEM)及接触角分析仪对氟硅烷的改性机制进行了分析,讨论了改性TiO2纳米颗粒的用量对涂层疏水性及其力学性能的影响,探讨了表面微观结构和涂层疏水性能之间的关系,并分析了有效改善涂层力学性能的技术途径.结果表明,氟硅烷分子水解后相互联结,在TiO2纳米颗粒表面形成一层氟硅烷分子包覆层,提高了TiO2纳米颗粒的分散性及疏水性.随着氟硅烷改性后的TiO2纳米颗粒添加量逐渐增多,制备的有机涂层表面粗糙度逐渐增大,疏水效果越来越明显.当改性TiO2纳米颗粒的用量为24％时,涂层具有超疏水性,水接触角为151.40°,涂层表面为微纳米双重粗糙结构.通过在基底表面刷涂一层质量分数为5％～15％的硅烷偶联剂(KH-550)乙醇溶液,可以提高涂层的力学性能,达到航空涂料的基本使用要求.
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