综述了金属结构材料和功能材料基体相晶体结构、层错能、Hollomon参数lnZ对等通道转角挤压ECAP变形组织演变规律影响的研究进展,试样基体相的晶体结构对变形组织的演变起重要的影响作用.随着应变量的增大,密排六方结构金属先形成形变孪晶、再启动优先存在的但被阻塞的滑移系统;面心立方结构金属的位错滑移主导着组织演变与晶粒细化过程,先形成亚晶界,再增大组织取向差,最终形成大角度晶界.在高层错能材料中,随着Hollomon参数lnZ增大,位错运动受到抑制,驱使变形机制从位错滑移逐渐转变成形变孪晶;当Z参数减小时,在ECAP高层错能材料中会形成微尺度的剪切带.在低层错能材料中形成丰富的孪晶,极低层错能的材料形成宏观剪切带.而中等层错能材料的变形机制则取决于Z值的高低.分析了 ECAP过程动态再结晶的影响因素,认为γm·ln2Z＞ 30不宜作为ECAP过程是否发生动态再结晶的判据,ECAP过程动态再结晶的影响因素还有待进一步研究,如弄清ECAP过程温升规律、分析淬火保存ECAP变形组织将有助于研究ECAP动态再结晶.
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