SiCp/Al复合材料具有高比强度、高比刚度、高耐磨性、低热膨胀系数和高热导率的优点,主要应用于航空航天领域中的关键结构件.轧制是生产SiCp/Al复合材料最常用的塑性加工手段之一.在轧制SiCp/Al复合材料时,坯料容易产生边部裂纹缺陷,这种缺陷除了与复合材料塑性较差有关之外,还与轧制压下量选择不合理有关.为了准确预测SiCp/Al复合材料的轧制缺陷,建立了基于SiCp/Al复合材料真实微观结构的板材轧制过程有限元模型,该模型中嵌入了基体延性损伤断裂、颗粒脆性断裂和界面损伤断裂模型.用实验曲线校对法确定了损伤断裂模型参数.模拟了相对压下量为5％,10％,20％和25％时SiCp/Al复合材料的轧制过程,结果表明,在相对压下量为25％时,变形不均匀引起的边部拉应力导致了对应区域微观结构的损伤断裂,从而使复合材料板材产生边裂缺陷.在拉应力作用下,孔隙在增强颗粒与基体材料界面处形核,随着变形进行,孔隙在基体材料中扩展聚集,最终导致复合材料产生边裂缺陷.SiCp/Al复合材料板材轧制的数值模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好.
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