钨基材料强韧化技术的现状与发展趋势

稀有金属, 2015, 39(8): 741-748. doi: 10.13373/j.cnki.cjrm.2015.08.011

钨基材料强韧化技术的现状与发展趋势

王爽 ^1, , 罗来马 ^2, , 赵美玲 ^3, , 罗广南 ^4, , 朱晓勇 ^5, , 吴玉程 ^6,

1.合肥工业大学材料科学与工程学院,安徽合肥,230009

2.合肥工业大学材料科学与工程学院,安徽合肥230009;合肥工业大学有色金属与加工技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,安徽合肥230009

3.合肥工业大学材料科学与工程学院,安徽合肥,230009

4.中国科学院等离子体物理研究所,安徽合肥,230031

5.合肥工业大学材料科学与工程学院,安徽合肥230009;合肥工业大学有色金属与加工技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,安徽合肥230009

6.合肥工业大学材料科学与工程学院,安徽合肥230009;合肥工业大学有色金属与加工技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,安徽合肥230009

基金项目: 国际热核聚变实验堆(ITER)计划专项项目(2014GB121001,2010GB109004) 国家大学生创新项目(201210359013)资助中央高校基本科研业务费专项项目(2012HGQC0032)

关键词：钨基材料 , 面向等离子体材料 , 强韧化技术

Current Status and Development Trend of Toughening Technology of Tungsten-Based Materials

Keywords： tungsten-matrix materials , plasma facing materials , toughening technology

开发受控核聚变能被认为是解决人类能源问题的重要途径.但在实际应用中仍存在许多难题,其中托玛卡克装置对第一壁材料具有很高要求.国内外一系列实验研究表明钨具有高熔点、良好的导热性和热冲击性、低热溅额等优点,是未来托卡马克聚变堆中最合适的面向等离子体第一壁材料.但是,钨作为将来工程化应用的面向等离子体材料,存在韧脆转变温度高、再结晶温度低以及聚变环境下高热流和高粒子流下的辐照损伤等问题.本文重点综述了从钨材料组成设计方面提高钨基材料强韧性方法的研究进展,包括合金化、纤维增韧、弥散强化及大塑性变形制备超细晶钨等手段,介绍了实现这些手段采用的材料组成设计、实验方法、作用机制、对钨基材料的改善效果及存在的不足,分析了未来钨基材料强韧化技术的发展趋势.

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