为了探究Na2HPO4活化处理引起的木材苯酚液化物碳纤维微细结构的变化,以Na2 HPO4溶液为活化剂对杉木苯酚液化物碳纤维原丝进行了浸渍、干燥和不同温度的活化处理,对活性碳纤维的晶体结构、孔隙结构和表面化学结构进行了表征.结果表明:随着活化温度的上升,活性碳纤维的得率逐渐减小.活性碳纤维的晶体结构属于类石墨结构;随着活化温度上升,微晶层间距d002减小,而石墨片层平面尺寸Lc和Lc/d002增加.活化温度在600℃或700℃时,微孔率小于48vol％;当活化温度为800℃或900℃时,微孔率大于60vol％.活性碳纤维的微孔孔径主要集中在0.5～1.6 nm范围内,中孔孔径主要分布在2.0～4.0 nm范围内.随着活化温度的上升,纤维的比表面积和孔容积均逐渐增加,900℃时二者均达到最大值,此时的比表面积为1 306 m2/g.C和O是活性碳纤维的基本元素,纤维表面大部分的含碳基团为石墨碳,含有少量的C-OH、C=O和-COOH.研究为制备新型活性碳纤维和进一步探明活化剂同碳纤维分子之间相互作用提供参考.
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