以壳聚糖微粒为增强体,离子液体为纤维素溶剂,采用冷冻干燥法成功制备了壳聚糖/纤维素生物质发泡复合材料.利用SEM、XRD和TGA表征多孔复合材料微观结构、结晶性能以及热稳定性,测试了其孔隙率和吸水性能.实验结果表明:壳聚糖/纤维素多孔复合材料具有三维相互贯通的微孔结构,壳聚糖粉体有助于孔洞结构的形成,TGA结果显示纤维素多孔材料的热稳定性能得以提高.XRD结果显示纤维素经离子液体溶解再生后晶型结构由纤维素Ⅰ转化为纤维素Ⅱ.纤维素含量较低(≤4wt％)时,随1wt％壳聚糖粉体的加入,孔隙率明显提高.壳聚糖/纤维素多孔复合材料的力学性能随纤维素含量的增加而不断提高,而吸水性能有所下降.壳聚糖与纤维素质量比为1∶3时,壳聚糖/纤维素多孔复合材料孔隙率为72.7％,吸水率和相对保湿率分别为28.0 g/g和17.6 g/g,断裂强度和断裂伸长率分别为0.32 MPa和25.4％,能够作为一种优良的吸附材料用于制备高性能的医用敷料.
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