为了更好地指导无机颗粒增强聚合物基耐磨复合材料的优化设计,全面回顾了复合材料各组分对复合材料耐磨性能的影响.根据复合材料组成,将无机颗粒增强聚合物基复合材料耐磨性能影响因素分成5类:纳米/微米无机颗粒填充量、纳米/微米填充颗粒粒径、不同粒径无机颗粒的级配、无机颗粒与纤维的协同增强和无机颗粒表面处理.从能量角度,即各因素对材料内部结合键的断裂所吸收的外部冲击功和摩擦功的影响,分析了各因素对复合材料耐磨性能的影响.在回顾前两个因素对复合材料耐磨性影响时,发现都存在使材料耐磨性能最佳的最佳颗粒填充量和最佳颗粒粒径.对于微米颗粒(粒径＞50 μm),颗粒填充量比粒径对复合材料耐磨性能影响更大,应尽可能提高颗粒最佳填充量.对于纳米颗粒,颗粒粒径则是影响材料耐磨性能的关键因素,应尽可能降低最佳颗粒粒径.另外,颗粒的表面改性和级配都能通过提高颗粒最佳填充量和综合力学性能来提高复合材料的耐磨性能.无机颗粒与纳米纤维的混杂填充使复合材料同时具备最优的耐磨性能、摩擦系数以及优异的变载荷适应性.
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