通过酸解法制备了具有纳米尺寸和一定长径比针棒状的纳米纤维素晶须(NCW),利用NCW表面的羟基引发L-丙交酯开环聚合,合成了表面接枝聚(L-乳酸)(PLLA)链段的接枝纤维素晶须(g-NCW);采用溶液浇铸法制备了PLLA膜以及不同配比的NCW/PLLA和g-NCW/PLLA复合膜.对接枝改性前后的NCW的形貌与性能进行了表征,研究了复合膜的形貌、结晶性能、热稳定性、亲/疏水性和拉伸性能.结果表明:NCW的形貌与结晶性能在接枝改性后变化不大,但在乙醇和PLLA溶液中的分散性得到明显改善;当NCW与L-丙交酯的物质的量之比为1∶5时,g-NCW表面PLLA链段的接枝率约为23.61％.NCW和g-NCW作为异相成核剂,显著提高了PLLA基体的结晶速率;并且,加入晶须改善了材料的亲水性和热稳定性.添加一定量的NCW和CNCW到PLLA中,可有效增强增韧PLLA基体;随着晶须含量增加,复合膜的拉伸强度和断裂能先增大后下降;当NCW和g-NCW的质量分数为5％时,NCW/PLLA和g-NCW/PLLA复合膜的拉伸强度和断裂能分别达到22.02 MPa和20.01 MPa以及102.39 J/m3和117.83 J/m3,均达到最大值.由于g-NCW在基体中良好的分散性以及与基体间的界面结合,g-NCW/PLLA复合膜的拉伸强度和韧性明显优于相应的纯PLLA和NCW/PLLA膜.
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