塑料高压直流电缆在电力输运中,绝缘层容易发生电子及空穴注入并局部积聚,形成空间电荷包,长期运行容易引发绝缘失效.为此,抑制电子及空穴的注入、积聚,防止空间电荷包的产生是制备塑料高压直流电缆的关键技术.通过制备多层介孔结构纳米MgO,采用低沸点溶剂法,实现了纳米MgO在低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)中的均匀分散.研究了1wt％纳米MgO/LDPE复合材料的空间电荷行为、直流击穿强度、热刺激电流及介电特性.结果表明:添加1wt％纳米MgO的LDPE在70 kV/mm电场下有效地抑制了空间电荷积聚,提高了直流击穿强度,降低了介电常数;热刺激电流研究表明纳米MgO形成了新的陷阱,有效捕获了载流子,形成独立电场,避免了局部有效电场,形成新的势垒,抑制了电极载流子的注入,最终抑制了空间电荷积聚.
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