结构轻量化是航空航天发展的永恒主题,波纹夹层圆柱壳作为常见的轻质结构形式,在航空航天领域具有很大的发展空间.采用模具热压法,制备出纵向和环向碳纤维复合材料波纹夹层圆柱壳,其中芯子整体成型,面板分瓣制备.采用经典板壳屈曲理论,分析纵向和环向波纹夹层圆柱壳的轴压力学性能,得到了欧拉屈曲、整体屈曲、局部屈曲和面板压溃4种失效模式下的极限载荷理论公式.绘制出结构的失效机制图,直观显示出了失效模式与试件尺寸之间的关系.通过对纵向和环向波纹夹层圆柱壳的轴向压缩试验,获得了结构的载荷-位移曲线及局部屈曲和面板压溃2种失效模式.结果表明:纵向波纹夹层圆柱壳的轴向承载能力及载荷/质量效率优于环向波纹夹层圆柱壳,在一定范围内增加圆柱壳面板的厚度、减小圆柱壳的高度可提高结构的载荷/质量效率.
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