经过长时间的自然进化,硬骨鱼鳞片变得超薄、超轻,并具有很好的柔韧性.为研制新型柔性防护体系,对草鱼鳞片的多级结构及力学性能进行了研究.首先,按3个不同方向(0°、45°和90°)在鳞片中心区域裁取鳞片和胶原层2组试样;然后,进行了轴向拉伸测试并对不同含水量的鳞片以及不同应变率下鳞片和胶原层的力学性能进行了对比研究.结果显示:草鱼鳞片主要由坚硬的骨质外层和软质的胶原层组成,其中胶原层由胶原纤维层交错叠加组成,交错角约为28°～31°;鳞片的力学性能为平面内各向异性,而胶原层的力学性能为各向同性;脱水鳞片的弹性模量和拉伸强度显著增加,分别约为饱水鳞片的10倍和3倍,但极限应变减少了约50％.饱水鳞片和胶原层的力学性能与应变率有很大相关性.所得结论为新型仿生复合材料及柔性防护体系的研究提供了思路.
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