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为探索苎麻麻骨治理重金属废水的工业化应用可行性,首先,利用激光粒度仪、SEM和 FTIR 等表征手段对苎麻麻骨微粒进行微观表征,探明了苎麻麻骨的微观结构；然后在此基础上,将苎麻麻骨微粒与环境友好型天然润湿剂、黏结剂及崩解剂混合,按一定工艺流程加工成水分散苎麻麻骨饼(WDRSC),在配方筛选过程中,测试了各种助剂质量分数对 WDRSC性能的影响,并对苎麻麻骨与 WDRSC吸附重金属 Cu2+和 Cd2+的能力进行了比较。结果显示：苎麻麻骨为具有多孔隙结构的天然物质,表面具有大量的吸附位点和官能团；当 WDRSC配方中麻骨、润湿剂、黏结剂和崩解剂的质量比为75∶13∶2∶10时,WDRSC 入水后能迅速被水润湿(润湿时间小于60 s)并自动崩解(崩解时间小于60 s),60 s内悬浮率达80%左右,各项性能均符合水分散颗粒剂的要求；润湿剂、黏结剂和崩解剂均能不同程度地影响 WDRSC的相关性能；与苎麻麻骨相比,WDRSC对Cd2+与Cu2+的去除率分别提高了11%和4%。所得结论表明将苎麻麻骨制成WDRSC具有运输和使用方便、成本低廉、制作工艺简单且吸附后废渣处理方便等优点,为苎麻麻骨规模化利用的可行方法。

In order to investigate the feasibility for the industry application of ramie stalk in treating heavy metal waste water,the microcosmic characterizations of ramie stalk particles were conducted by characterization methods such as laser particle size analyzer,SEM and FTIR etc.firstly,and the microstructure of ramie stalk was ascer-tained.Then based on those,water dispersible ramie stalk cake (WDRSC)were processed by mixing the ramie stalk particles with the environmental friendly natural wetting agent,adhesive and disintegrating agent according to a cer-tain technological process.During the screen process of formula,the influences for the mass fractions of various ad-ditives on properties of WDRSC were tested,and the abilities of ramie stalk and WDRSC for adsorption of heavy metal Cu2+ and Cd2+ were compared.The results show that ramie stalk is a natural substance with porous struc-ture,and a large number of adsorption sites and groups are related to the surface.When the mass ratio of ramie stalk,wetting agent,binder and disintegration agent in WDRSC formula is 75∶13∶2∶10,WDRSC can quickly be wetted (wetting time is less than 60 s)by water and automatic disintegration (disintegration time is less than 60 s) as soon as it touches water,the suspension rate within 60 s reaches about 80%,and the properties are all in accord-ance with the requirements of water dispersible granules.The related properties of WDRSC were affected by wetting agent,binder and disintegrating agent at different degrees.Comparing with ramie stalk,the removal rates of WDR-SC for Cd2+ and Cu2+ improve 1 1% and 4% respectively.The conclusions obtained indicating that manufacturing ramie stalk into WDRSC has advantages such as convenient transportation and application,low costing,easy manu-facturing process and convenient waste residue treatment after adsorption etc.,which is a feasible method for the large-scale utilization for ramie stalk.