本文通过对粉体Si进行球磨,结合在球磨产物中引入柠檬酸并对其进行碳热分解处理,制备了一种低碳高SiOx含量的Si@SiOx@C复合材料.采用现代材料分析测试技术和电化学测试技术,研究了500～700℃的碳热分解处理温度对复合材料的结构和其作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能的影响.研究结果表明,不同温度获得的复合材料均为微米/亚微米尺寸的Si核外包覆有不同厚度的SiOx及碳的Si@SiOx@C颗粒,其中650℃条件下制得的复合材料中SiOx和碳的含量分别约为55 wt％和10 wt％.该复合材料作为负极材料,表现出优于其它温度下获得的复合材料的结构和电化学性能,其在不再额外添加碳导电剂的条件下,在300 mA/g充放电时的首次库伦效率为74％,经200次循环后的容量为776 mAh/g,容量保持率达75％.该低碳含量的微米/亚微米尺寸的Si基负极材料振实密度高,对于获得高体积比容量的电池极具使用潜力.
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