以聚丙烯腈(PAN)超滤膜为基膜,通过羧甲基纤维素钠(CMCNa)阴离子聚电解质和聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDDA)阳离子聚电解质层层静电自组装(LbL)制备得到复合纳滤膜.考察了阴离子聚电解质溶液浓度、组装层数对膜表面荷电性、形貌和亲水性等的影响;同时研究了操作条件不同时该纳滤膜对罗丹明B染料分离性能变化.结果表明,CMCNa阴离子聚电解质浓度增大时,膜表面荷负电性和亲水性增强;当PDDA质量浓度为5.0 g/L,CMCNa的浓度为2.0 g/L,且组装4.0个派对层时,复合膜表面ζ电位约为 70 mV,其接触角约为30°;制备的(5 PDDA/2CMCNa)5.0-PAN复合纳滤膜,在25℃和0.60 MPa的操作条件下,对0.4×10-3 g/L的罗丹明B截留率达到90％,通量为42 L/(m2·h·MPa).
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