设计了一种小型太阳能膜蒸馏海水淡化系统,采用自主设计的螺旋缠绕式中空纤维空气隙膜蒸馏组件(SW-AGMD-HF)作为核心的膜蒸馏(MD)单元.以TDS(总可溶固体物)为35 000 mg/L的模拟海水为原水,考察冷热水流量、膜组件启动温度和天气对太阳能膜蒸馏系统产水的影响.结果表明,在太阳辐照量一定的条件下,产水量随进水流量的增大而减小,膜组件启动温度的高低则对产水量无显著影响,日照条件是产水量的最显著影响因素.以上实验条件对产水电导率均无显著影响.在夏季晴朗的天气下,太阳能集热器日平均集热效率约为30％;当集热面积为15 m2,膜面积为1.56m2,冷热水流量为90 L/h;膜组件启动温度为50℃时,最高日产水量为44.3 L,产水电导率始终低于50 μS/cm,SW-AGMD-HF装置的脱盐率为99.9％.太阳能膜蒸馏充分利用了太阳能作为能源,运行稳定,产水水质好,有望成为一种新型的海水及苦咸水淡化技术,为小型海岛和偏远地区提供可靠的饮用水.
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