用聚砜超滤膜为底膜,以聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)为阳离子添加剂,与聚乙烯醇(PVA)共混制备带正电复合纳滤膜.讨论了制膜条件对膜性能的影响,并用红外光谱、扫描电镜、接触角对膜的化学组成、表面形态和疏水性进行表征.结果表明,随着PEI含量的增加,纳滤膜对二价盐溶液的截留率先增加后减小,最佳制膜条件为:PVA和PEI的质量分数均为2％,PVA与PEI质量比为PVA∶PEI=8∶1,戊二醛的质量分数为2％,硫酸的质量分数为1％;热处理温度为70℃.此时复合纳滤膜对2 g/L MgSO4溶液的截留率为94.52％,通量为5.91 L/(m2·h).复合纳滤膜对4种盐截留率大小顺序为:MgSO4＞MgCl2＞Na2 SO4＞NaCl.添加PEI后的膜表面电位变大,分离性能增加,亲水性变好,通量增大.
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