材料期刊网

作为精密超精密光学制造工艺过程中的一个重要环节,各种新型表面抛光方法与工艺始终吸引着科研人员不断深入研究与探索. 磨料射流抛光方法为小型复杂零件的表面抛光提供了一个新思路,成为精密超精密光学加工技术的重要组成部分. 对磨料射流表面抛光过程中衍生的磨料水射流抛光、磁射流抛光、负压吸流抛光、磨料气射流抛光、冰粒水射流抛光、纳米胶体射流抛光的抛光原理、方法及特点进行了综述,分析了各射流表面抛光技术材料去除的最新发展;从加工原理、磨料选择、抛光精度、数学模型等方面对上述新型射流抛光技术进行深入分析与比较,其中磁射流抛光、纳米胶体射流抛光、磨料水射流抛光的抛光精度较高,可以实现表面粗糙度纳米级的超精密抛光,而磨料气射流抛光、冰粒射流抛光从加工成本上来讲则相对较低. 最后,对磨料射流表面抛光在去除函数优化、精度效率的提高、应用范围扩展、在线检测、商业化应用等方面的发展趋势进行了预测.

As an important link in precision optical manufacturing process, study and investigation of various new polishing methods and process always attract attention of researchers. The abrasive jet polishing technology provides a new approach for sur-face polishing of small complex parts, and may become a very important part of precision and ultra-precision optical processing technology. This paper reviewed the principle, method and features of the novel polishing methods derivated from the abrasive jet surface polishing process such as Abrasive Water Jet, Magnetorheological Jet Polishing, Negative Pressure Polishing, Abrasive Air Jet, Ice Water Jet, and Nano-particle Jet Polishing, and analyzed the new development of material removal in these methods. The machining principle, the selection of abrasive, the polishing precision, the mathematical models of these polishing methods were analyzed in-depth and compared. It was found that the polishing precision of NJP,MJP and AWJ was relatively high, which could realize the nano-scale surface roughness, while the cost of AAJ and IWJ was relatively low. At last, the future research direction and tendency of AJP technology in several aspects, such as the optimization of the remove function, the increase of the efficiency and precision, extension of the application fields, the online testing and the commercial application were prospected.