材料期刊网

随着现代工业的发展，钢铁构件的需求日益增大。钢铁构件由于自身表面性质活跃，在加工、运输及储存过程中不可避免地形成锈蚀层。钢铁材料的锈蚀既对材料的使用性能及寿命造成不良影响，又导致材料的巨大浪费。为了提高钢铁构件的使用性能及寿命，需要进行表面处理及防护，但处理之前必须清除表面锈蚀层。工业酸洗是清除锈蚀层的重要方法之一，由于酸洗液腐蚀性强，在钢铁材料表面锈蚀层溶解后，不可避免地存在着“过酸洗”的现象，由此引起钢铁材料的浪费及产生过多的污染物，如酸雾和酸洗废液等。分析了钢铁材料表面酸洗污染物产生的源头，并从“缓蚀剂添加、工艺参数选择、酸洗设备改进”等3个因素，总结了提高工业酸洗清洁生产水平的策略，分析了相关的影响因素，提出以“源头控污”为核心的酸洗清洁生产的概念，最后指出了提高酸洗清洁生产水平所需要考虑的问题。

With the development of modern industry, the demand of steel products is increasing. Due to the active nature of steel surface, the formation of rust layers is inevitable during surface treatment, transportation and storage. However, the cor-rosion of steel had negative effects on the performance and service lifetime for the steel materials, and caused huge waste of re-sources. In order to enhance the performance of steel products and prolong their service lifetime, surface treatment and protec-tion should be considered. However, before surface treatment and protection, the rust layer should be cleaned out. Industrial pickling is one of the common methods for rust removing. Due to the corrosive characteristic of the used pickling liquors, the phenomenon of over-pickling is inevitable, which may cause the waste of metallic matrix and generate pollutants, including acid mist and pickling waste liquor. In this paper, based on the analysis of the origin of pollution, the methods to enhance cleaner pickling level in industry were discussed and summarized, from three aspects of addition of corrosion inhibitors, selection of the suitable technological parameters and improvement of pickling facilities. Additionally, the factors influencing the above three aspects were also discussed. Aiming at enhancing the effect of whole process of pickling industry, the concept of cleaner pick-ling was proposed, furthermore, the problems which needed to be considered in the future were indicated.