SiO2气凝胶自1931年由美国科学家Kistler制备问世以来,因其热导率低、比表面积大、孔隙率大等优异性能一直被研究者所青睐.随着研究的深入,SiO2气凝胶的制备加工工艺得到了优化,使用性能在一定程度上得到了较大提升,研究方向也从早期的制备、性能研究发展到现在的应用研究.现已研制开发出许多具有特殊功能的全新产品,并通过与其他材料的复合得到性能更优越的SiO2气凝胶复合材料,使其在航天航空、军事、建筑、医学等领域得到越来越广泛的应用.在SiO2气凝胶众多应用领域中,其在涂料中的运用是极为重要的一个分支.针对目前SiO2气凝胶涂料推广应用难等现实情况,先对SiO2气凝胶及其涂料制备过程中存在的主要问题做简要阐述,再将利用SiO2气凝胶在某些方面的突出性质而制成的功能涂料进行分类,并从SiO2气凝胶在各种功能涂料中的作用机理出发,对不同功能的SiO2气凝胶涂料的研究进展情况进行归纳总结,在此基础上,展望了未来SiO2气凝胶涂料的发展方向.
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