目的 通过对北京宫殿、坛庙古建筑红墙(俗称"宫墙红")的组成、结构、颜色等进行研究,为修缮"宫墙红"、统一其颜色提供依据.方法 在故宫、社稷坛及先农坛现场进行颜色数据采集,采用拉曼光谱(Raman)、红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线衍射(XRD)等对获取的样品进行分析.结果 不同建筑或同一建筑不同位置的"宫墙红"颜色差别大."宫墙红"的白灰成分为CaCO3,红灰为Fe2O3和CaCO3,红浆为Fe2O3、CaCO3、CaSO4·2H2O、江米汁(传统工艺)或有机高分子聚合物(现代工艺).结论 北京宫殿、坛庙古建筑各位置红墙颜色差异大,修缮时建议采用白灰掺杂氧化铁红对"宫墙红"找补抹灰,外立面采用现代工艺的涂膜配方.
The work aims to provide basis for renovating "red wall" by studying composition, structure, color of red wall (also called "palace wall red") at the Beijing ancient palace and temple buildings. Color data was collected at the Forbidden City, Imperial Divine Temple and Temple of Agriculture. Samples were analyzed by using Raman spectroscopy, Fourier trans-form infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractionmeter. The color of "Red Wall" differed a lot at different buildings and in different locations in the same building. The lime consisted of was CaCO3, the red lime consisted of CaCO3 and Fe2O3, the red slurry consisted of Fe2O3, CaCO3, CaSO4·2H2O, rice juice (traditional technique) or organic polymer (modern technique). Since color of the "Red Wall" differs a lot in different locations at the Beijing ancient palace and temple buildings, white lime doped with iron oxide red is recommended to make up and plaster the "Red Wall", and coating formulation adopting modern technique is recommended for the external fa?ade during renovation.
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