作为解决电磁污染问题与实现装备战场隐身的有效手段,吸波涂层材料具有广泛的应用前景.碳系材料因其广泛的来源、简单的制备工艺、低密度、高导电率等优点,在吸波涂层材料领域受到国内外研究人员的高度重视.对吸波涂层材料的损耗机制进行了叙述,介绍了电阻型损耗、电介质型损耗以及磁损耗三种损耗机制中电磁波的损耗和吸收原理.综述了碳纤维、碳纳米管、石墨烯等新型碳系材料的特性及其在吸波涂层材料领域的研究现状.对碳纤维进行活化处理或使用多孔碳纤维、螺旋碳纤维等代替普通碳纤维能够有效提高其吸波性能.碳纳米管具有多种结构,其中阵列状多壁碳纳米管吸波性能最佳,采用一些具备磁损耗的材料与碳纳米管进行共混、包覆或填充处理是目前的主要研究方向.石墨烯几乎没有磁损耗,单独使用时,阻抗匹配较差,影响其吸波性能的发挥,通常将石墨烯与磁损耗型材料复合,改善材料的阻抗匹配,提高吸波效果.最后,根据碳系吸波涂层材料的研究现状,对其未来的发展方向进行了展望.
As an effective method of dealing with electromagnetic pollution and realizing equipment battlefield stealth,absorbing coating materials have extensive application prospect.Carbon series materials are highly praised by the researchers home and abroad since they feature in extensive sources,simple preparation technology,low density and high conductivity.The loss mechanisms of absorbing materials were narrated,and resistance loss,dielectric loss and magnetic loss as well as loss and absorption principles of electromagnetic wave were introduced.In addition to research progress in absorbing materials,the characteristics of novel carbon series absorbing materials such as carbon fiber,carbon nanotubes and graphene were reviewed.The activation of carbon fiber,application of porous carbon fiber and spiral carbon fiber instead of common carbon fiber could effectively improve its absorbing properties.Array shaped multi-walled carbon nano tubes were the best absorbing materials of various carbon nano tubes.It was proposed that blending,coating or filling materials subject to magnetic loss and carbon nano tubes was the main research focus at present.Graphene had minor magnetic loss,its impedance match was poor when being used alone and the absorbing property was inhibited.Graphene and magnetic loss type composite absorbing materials were usually compounded to improve the impedance match and absorbing effect.At last,future development focuses were prospected based on the research progress of novel carbon series absorbing coating materials.
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