将宁夏地区典型环境划分为工业环境、农业环境、城市居民区环境和荒漠环境,对每个环境下的绝缘子污秽和地面沙土进行取样,测量不同环境下绝缘子污秽的粒径分布,采用电感耦合等离子发生光谱(ICP)和离子色谱(IC)分析绝缘子污秽可溶盐中的阴阳离子成分,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观测绝缘子表面污秽的微观形貌,用X射线衍射(XRD)和电子能谱(EDS)分析绝缘子污秽和地面沙土不溶成分中的晶体成分和元素组成.结果表明:宁夏地区绝缘子污秽粒径主要分布在0.2~100μm,污秽中的可溶成分主要是以CaSO4为代表的二价盐,污秽中的不溶成分形貌为不规则的颗粒,其成分与运行环境有关.工业环境中的污秽与其排放物相关,其他环境中污秽的不溶成分主要是SiO2.
The typical environment in Ningxia province was divided into industrial environment, agricultur-al environment, urban residential environment, and desert environment. The insulator contaminant and san-dy soil on the ground were taken as samples, and the particle size distribution of insulator contaminant in different environment was measured. The ionic components in the soluble salt of insulator contaminant were analyzed via inductive coupling plasma spectrum (ICP) and ion chromatography (IC), and the micro-structure of the contaminant was observed via SEM. The crystal component and elementary composition in the insoluble component of contaminant and sandy soil was tested by XRD and EDS. The results show that the particle size of the insulator contaminant ranges from 0.2μm to 100μm, the main soluble component in the contaminant is CaSO4, and the insoluble components in the contaminant are particles with irregular shape, which is closely related to the operating environment. The contaminant in industrial environment is related to the emissions, and the main insoluble component of contaminant in the other environment is SiO2.
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