利用红外光谱、扫描电镜、热分析、锥形量热仪和高温裂解气相色谱质谱联用等表征方法从凝聚相热分解阶段的机理,凝聚相表面成炭层的阻隔机理和气相机理3方面对异氰酸酯三聚体对聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫塑料(PIR)的阻燃机理进行了研究.结果表明,三聚体能提高PIR泡沫的热稳定性,在燃烧中不易分解;三聚体能使PIR泡沫的成炭量较聚氨酯(PU)泡沫的成炭量提高到29.9％,形成的炭层更为致密,炭层能够阻隔热和氧气,提高阻燃性能;三聚体能减少可燃性多元醇气体的释放量,分解出更多的二氧化碳惰性气体,在气相起到一定的阻燃作用.
The flame retardant mechanism by condensed phase decomposition,condensed phase charring and vapor phase effect gas of isocyanurate ring on polyisocyanurate foam (PIR) was investigated by TG,FT-IR,SEM,cone calorimeter (CONE) and pyrolysis gaseous chromatography mass spectroscopy (Py/GC-MS).The results demonstrate that,firstly it is found that isocyanurate ring can increase the thermal stability of PIR foam,and slow down decomposition of PIR foam during the combustion.Secondly,isocyanurate ring can increase the char yield of PIR foam by 29.9 ％,compared to PU foam,and the char layer of PIR foam is more compact than that of PU foam.The char can provide a barrier of oxygen and heat for internal polymer,and improve the flame retardancy of PIR foam.Thirdly,the results of Py/GC-MS show that the isocyanurate ring reduces the flammable gas emissions of polyol,while increasing the content of the inert gas of carbon dioxide derived from the decomposition of isocyanurate ring.
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