采用有限元方法对AZ80镁合金低压脉冲磁场半连续铸造过程的电磁场、流场和温度场进行数值模拟,对铸锭的组织进行观察和分析,并与普通半连续铸造铸锭晶粒组织进行对比.模拟结果表明:在低压脉冲磁场半连续铸造过程中,结晶器中的熔体受脉冲电磁力作用产生强迫对流和电磁振荡,使得熔体的径向温度梯度有所降低.组织观察结果显示,与普通半连续铸锭相比,低压脉冲磁场半连续铸锭晶粒明显细化,枝晶尖端发生钝化.在低压脉冲磁场半连续铸造凝固过程中,结晶器壁附近形核的临界形核半径和临界形核功有所降低,同时脉冲磁场形成的熔体对流使结晶器壁处形成的晶核随着对流扩散到熔池内部,使形核率增加,另外脉冲磁场能够通过尖端钝化的方式抑制晶粒的生长,从而造成低压脉冲磁场铸锭的晶粒细化.
The electromagnetic field, flow field and temperature field during the low voltage pulsed magnetic field direct chill casting of AZ80 magnesium alloy were simulated with finite element method, and the microstructure of the billet was observed by comparing those of billet by conventional direct chill (DC) casting process. The simulation results indicate that, during the low voltage pulsed magnetic field DC casting process, affected by electromagnetic force, forced convection and velocity vibration generate in the melt, leading to the reduced temperature grade of melt along the radial direction. The results show that the grains of the billet cast with low voltage pulsed magnetic are significantly refined and the tip of dendrite is rounded, compared with those of the conventional one. During the low voltage pulsed magnetic field DC casting process, the critical nucleation radius and critical nucleation energy near the crystallizer decrease, at the same time, the nuclei formed ahead the inner wall of crystallizer can be dispersed into the centre of the molten pool with the convection that caused by the pulsed magnetic field, which causes the increased nucleation rate. In addition, the growth of dendrite tip is inhibited by the passivation effect of the pulsed magnetic field, which leads to the grain refinement in the low voltage pulsed magnetic field direct chill casting billet.
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