对由铁素体和渗碳体组成的低、中、高碳钢进行振动空蚀实验,发现它们空蚀破坏的共同特点是铁素体的严重变形和破损.但由于铁素体的含量及分布形态不同,材料空蚀破坏的表现形式大不相同:铁素体含量高的低碳钢以大面积均匀塑性变形为主;铁素体含量与珠光体含量大致相等并呈网状分布的中碳(亚共析)钢是由于铁素体隆起脱落而破坏;以珠光体为主的高碳钢是由于铁素体从渗碳体的夹缝中向外挤出、两相分离而破坏.微射流冲击形成的应力波使低强度相屈服是造成上述破坏的原因.
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